The Average Federal Income Tax Payment by Income Level
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Appendix
- For data prior to 2001, all tax returns that have a positive AGI are included, even those that do not have a positive income tax liability. For data from 2001 forward, returns with negative AGI are also included, but dependent returns are excluded.
- Income tax after credits (the measure of “income taxes paid” above) does not account for the refundable portion of tax credits such as the earned income tax credit. If the refundable portion were included, the tax share of the top income groups would be higher and the average tax rate of bottom income groups would be lower. The refundable portion is classified as a spending program by the OMB and therefore is not included by the IRS in these figures.
- The only tax analyzed here is the federal individual income tax, which is responsible for more than 25 percent of the nation’s taxes paid (at all levels of government). Federal income taxes are much more progressive than federal payroll taxes, which are responsible for about 20 percent of all taxes paid (at all levels of government) and are more progressive than most state and local taxes.
- AGI is a fairly narrow income concept and does not include income items like government transfers (except for the portion of Social Security benefits that is taxed), the value of employer-provided health insurance, underreported or unreported income (most notably that of sole proprietors), income derived from municipal bond interest, and net imputed rental income.
- The unit of analysis here is the tax return. In the figures prior to 2001, some dependent returns are included. Under other units of analysis (like the U.S. Treasury Department’s Family Economic Unit), these returns would likely be paired with parents’ returns.
- These figures represent the legal incidence of the income tax. Most distributional tables (such as those from the Congressional Budget Office, the Tax Policy Center, Citizens for Tax Justice, the Treasury Department, and the Joint Committee on Taxation) assume that the entire economic incidence of personal income taxes falls on the income earner.
Year | Total | Top 0.1% | Top 1% | Top 5% | Between 5% and 10% | Top 10% | Between 10% and 25% | Top 25% | Between 25% and 50% | Top 50% | Bottom 50% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1981 | 94,587 | 946 | 4,729 | 4,729 | 9,459 | 14,188 | 23,647 | 23,647 | 47,293 | 47,293 | |
1982 | 94,426 | 944 | 4,721 | 4,721 | 9,443 | 14,164 | 23,607 | 23,607 | 47,213 | 47,213 | |
1983 | 95,331 | 953 | 4,767 | 4,767 | 9,533 | 14,300 | 23,833 | 23,833 | 47,665 | 47,665 | |
1984 | 98,436 | 984 | 4,922 | 4,922 | 9,844 | 14,765 | 24,609 | 24,609 | 49,218 | 49,219 | |
1985 | 100,625 | 1,006 | 5,031 | 5,031 | 10,063 | 15,094 | 25,156 | 25,156 | 50,313 | 50,313 | |
1986 | 102,088 | 1,021 | 5,104 | 5,104 | 10,209 | 15,313 | 25,522 | 25,522 | 51,044 | 51,044 | |
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 changed the definition of AGI, so data above and below this line is not strictly comparable. | |||||||||||
1987 | 106,155 | 1,062 | 5,308 | 5,308 | 10,615 | 15,923 | 26,539 | 26,539 | 53,077 | 53,077 | |
1988 | 108,873 | 1,089 | 5,444 | 5,444 | 10,887 | 16,331 | 27,218 | 27,218 | 54,436 | 54,436 | |
1989 | 111,313 | 1,113 | 5,566 | 5,566 | 11,131 | 16,697 | 27,828 | 27,828 | 55,656 | 55,656 | |
1990 | 112,812 | 1,128 | 5,641 | 5,641 | 11,281 | 16,922 | 28,203 | 28,203 | 56,406 | 56,406 | |
1991 | 113,804 | 1,138 | 5,690 | 5,690 | 11,380 | 17,071 | 28,451 | 28,451 | 56,902 | 56,902 | |
1992 | 112,653 | 1,127 | 5,633 | 5,633 | 11,265 | 16,898 | 28,163 | 28,163 | 56,326 | 56,326 | |
1993 | 113,681 | 1,137 | 5,684 | 5,684 | 11,368 | 17,052 | 28,420 | 28,420 | 56,841 | 56,841 | |
1994 | 114,990 | 1,150 | 5,749 | 5,749 | 11,499 | 17,248 | 28,747 | 28,747 | 57,495 | 57,495 | |
1995 | 117,274 | 1,173 | 5,864 | 5,864 | 11,727 | 17,591 | 29,319 | 29,319 | 58,637 | 58,637 | |
1996 | 119,442 | 1,194 | 5,972 | 5,972 | 11,944 | 17,916 | 29,860 | 29,860 | 59,721 | 59,721 | |
1997 | 121,503 | 1,215 | 6,075 | 6,075 | 12,150 | 18,225 | 30,376 | 30,376 | 60,752 | 60,752 | |
1998 | 123,776 | 1,238 | 6,189 | 6,189 | 12,378 | 18,566 | 30,944 | 30,944 | 61,888 | 61,888 | |
1999 | 126,009 | 1,260 | 6,300 | 6,300 | 12,601 | 18,901 | 31,502 | 31,502 | 63,004 | 63,004 | |
2000 | 128,227 | 1,282 | 6,411 | 6,411 | 12,823 | 19,234 | 32,057 | 32,057 | 64,114 | 64,114 | |
The IRS changed methodology, so data above and below this line is not strictly comparable. | |||||||||||
2001 | 119,371 | 119 | 1,194 | 5,969 | 5,969 | 11,937 | 17,906 | 29,843 | 29,843 | 59,685 | 59,685 |
2002 | 119,851 | 120 | 1,199 | 5,993 | 5,993 | 11,985 | 17,978 | 29,963 | 29,963 | 59,925 | 59,925 |
2003 | 120,759 | 121 | 1,208 | 6,038 | 6,038 | 12,076 | 18,114 | 30,190 | 30,190 | 60,379 | 60,379 |
2004 | 122,510 | 123 | 1,225 | 6,125 | 6,125 | 12,251 | 18,376 | 30,627 | 30,627 | 61,255 | 61,255 |
2005 | 124,673 | 125 | 1,247 | 6,234 | 6,234 | 12,467 | 18,701 | 31,168 | 31,168 | 62,337 | 62,337 |
2006 | 128,441 | 128 | 1,284 | 6,422 | 6,422 | 12,844 | 19,266 | 32,110 | 32,110 | 64,221 | 64,221 |
2007 | 132,655 | 133 | 1,327 | 6,633 | 6,633 | 13,265 | 19,898 | 33,164 | 33,164 | 66,327 | 66,327 |
2008 | 132,892 | 133 | 1,329 | 6,645 | 6,645 | 13,289 | 19,934 | 33,223 | 33,223 | 66,446 | 66,446 |
2009 | 132,620 | 133 | 1,326 | 6,631 | 6,631 | 13,262 | 19,893 | 33,155 | 33,155 | 66,310 | 66,310 |
2010 | 135,033 | 135 | 1,350 | 6,752 | 6,752 | 13,503 | 20,255 | 33,758 | 33,758 | 67,517 | 67,517 |
2011 | 136,586 | 137 | 1,366 | 6,829 | 6,829 | 13,659 | 20,488 | 34,146 | 34,146 | 68,293 | 68,293 |
2012 | 136,080 | 136 | 1,361 | 6,804 | 6,804 | 13,608 | 20,412 | 34,020 | 34,020 | 68,040 | 68,040 |
2013 | 138,313 | 138 | 1,383 | 6,916 | 6,916 | 13,831 | 20,747 | 34,578 | 34,578 | 69,157 | 69,157 |
2014 | 139,562 | 140 | 1,396 | 6,978 | 6,978 | 13,956 | 20,934 | 34,891 | 34,891 | 69,781 | 69,781 |
2015 | 141,205 | 141 | 1,412 | 7,060 | 7,060 | 14,120 | 21,181 | 35,301 | 35,301 | 70,602 | 70,602 |
2016 | 140,889 | 141 | 1,409 | 7,044 | 7,044 | 14,089 | 21,133 | 35,222 | 35,222 | 70,444 | 70,444 |
2017 | 143,295 | 143 | 1,433 | 7,165 | 7,165 | 14,330 | 21,494 | 35,824 | 35,824 | 71,648 | 71,648 |
2018 | 144,318 | 144 | 1,443 | 7,216 | 7,216 | 14,432 | 21,648 | 36,079 | 36,079 | 72,159 | 72,159 |
2019 | 148,246 | 148 | 1,482 | 7,412 | 7,412 | 14,825 | 22,237 | 37,061 | 37,061 | 74,123 | 74,123 |
Source: IRS, Statistics of Income, Individual Income Rates and Tax Shares (2019). |
Year | Total | Top 0.1% | Top 1% | Top 5% | Between 5% & 10% | Top 10% | Between 10% & 25% | Top 25% | Between 25% & 50% | Top 50% | Bottom 50% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980 | $1,627 | $138 | $342 | $181 | $523 | $400 | $922 | $417 | $1,339 | $288 | |
1981 | $1,791 | $149 | $372 | $201 | $573 | $442 | $1,015 | $458 | $1,473 | $318 | |
1982 | $1,876 | $167 | $398 | $207 | $605 | $460 | $1,065 | $478 | $1,544 | $332 | |
1983 | $1,970 | $183 | $428 | $217 | $646 | $481 | $1,127 | $498 | $1,625 | $344 | |
1984 | $2,173 | $210 | $482 | $240 | $723 | $528 | $1,251 | $543 | $1,794 | $379 | |
1985 | $2,344 | $235 | $531 | $260 | $791 | $567 | $1,359 | $580 | $1,939 | $405 | |
1986 | $2,524 | $285 | $608 | $278 | $887 | $604 | $1,490 | $613 | $2,104 | $421 | |
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 changed the definition of AGI, so data above and below this line is not strictly comparable. | |||||||||||
1987 | $2,814 | $347 | $722 | $316 | $1,038 | $671 | $1,709 | $664 | $2,374 | $440 | |
1988 | $3,124 | $474 | $891 | $342 | $1,233 | $718 | $1,951 | $707 | $2,658 | $466 | |
1989 | $3,299 | $468 | $918 | $368 | $1,287 | $768 | $2,054 | $751 | $2,805 | $494 | |
1990 | $3,451 | $483 | $953 | $385 | $1,338 | $806 | $2,144 | $788 | $2,933 | $519 | |
1991 | $3,516 | $457 | $943 | $400 | $1,343 | $832 | $2,175 | $809 | $2,984 | $532 | |
1992 | $3,681 | $524 | $1,031 | $413 | $1,444 | $856 | $2,299 | $832 | $3,131 | $549 | |
1993 | $3,776 | $521 | $1,048 | $426 | $1,474 | $883 | $2,358 | $854 | $3,212 | $563 | |
1994 | $3,961 | $547 | $1,103 | $449 | $1,552 | $929 | $2,481 | $890 | $3,371 | $590 | |
1995 | $4,245 | $620 | $1,223 | $482 | $1,705 | $985 | $2,690 | $938 | $3,628 | $617 | |
1996 | $4,591 | $737 | $1,394 | $515 | $1,909 | $1,043 | $2,953 | $992 | $3,944 | $646 | |
1997 | $5,023 | $873 | $1,597 | $554 | $2,151 | $1,116 | $3,268 | $1,060 | $4,328 | $695 | |
1998 | $5,469 | $1,010 | $1,797 | $597 | $2,394 | $1,196 | $3,590 | $1,132 | $4,721 | $748 | |
1999 | $5,909 | $1,153 | $2,012 | $641 | $2,653 | $1,274 | $3,927 | $1,199 | $5,126 | $783 | |
2000 | $6,424 | $1,337 | $2,267 | $688 | $2,955 | $1,358 | $4,314 | $1,276 | $5,590 | $834 | |
The IRS changed methodology, so data above and below this line is not strictly comparable. | |||||||||||
2001 | $6,116 | $492 | $1,065 | $1,934 | $666 | $2,600 | $1,334 | $3,933 | $1,302 | $5,235 | $881 |
2002 | $5,982 | $421 | $960 | $1,812 | $660 | $2,472 | $1,339 | $3,812 | $1,303 | $5,115 | $867 |
2003 | $6,157 | $466 | $1,030 | $1,908 | $679 | $2,587 | $1,375 | $3,962 | $1,325 | $5,287 | $870 |
2004 | $6,735 | $615 | $1,279 | $2,243 | $725 | $2,968 | $1,455 | $4,423 | $1,403 | $5,826 | $908 |
2005 | $7,366 | $784 | $1,561 | $2,623 | $778 | $3,401 | $1,540 | $4,940 | $1,473 | $6,413 | $953 |
2006 | $7,970 | $895 | $1,761 | $2,918 | $841 | $3,760 | $1,652 | $5,412 | $1,568 | $6,980 | $990 |
2007 | $8,622 | $1,030 | $1,971 | $3,223 | $905 | $4,128 | $1,770 | $5,898 | $1,673 | $7,571 | $1,051 |
2008 | $8,206 | $826 | $1,657 | $2,868 | $905 | $3,773 | $1,782 | $5,555 | $1,673 | $7,228 | $978 |
2009 | $7,579 | $602 | $1,305 | $2,439 | $878 | $3,317 | $1,740 | $5,058 | $1,620 | $6,678 | $900 |
2010 | $8,040 | $743 | $1,517 | $2,716 | $915 | $3,631 | $1,800 | $5,431 | $1,665 | $7,096 | $944 |
2011 | $8,317 | $737 | $1,556 | $2,819 | $956 | $3,775 | $1,866 | $5,641 | $1,716 | $7,357 | $961 |
2012 | $9,042 | $1,017 | $1,977 | $3,331 | $997 | $4,328 | $1,934 | $6,262 | $1,776 | $8,038 | $1,004 |
2013 | $9,034 | $816 | $1,720 | $3,109 | $1,034 | $4,143 | $2,008 | $6,152 | $1,844 | $7,996 | $1,038 |
2014 | $9,709 | $986 | $1,998 | $3,491 | $1,093 | $4,583 | $2,107 | $6,690 | $1,924 | $8,615 | $1,094 |
2015 | $10,143 | $1,033 | $2,095 | $3,659 | $1,145 | $4,803 | $2,194 | $6,998 | $2,000 | $8,998 | $1,145 |
2016 | $10,157 | $966 | $2,003 | $3,575 | $1,155 | $4,729 | $2,221 | $6,950 | $2,030 | $8,980 | $1,177 |
2017 | $10,937 | $1,150 | $2,301 | $3,995 | $1,226 | $5,221 | $2,340 | $7,561 | $2,145 | $9,706 | $1,230 |
2018 | $11,564 | $1,197 | $2,420 | $4,218 | $1,293 | $5,511 | $2,458 | $7,969 | $2,253 | $10,222 | $1,342 |
2019 | $11,883 | $1,141 | $2,393 | $4,270 | $1,351 | $5,621 | $2,556 | $8,177 | $2,340 | $10,517 | $1,366 |
Source: IRS, Statistics of Income, Individual Income Rates and Tax Shares (2019). |
Year | Total | Top 0.1% | Top 1% | Top 5% | Between 5% & 10% | Top 10% | Between 10% & 25% | Top 25% | Between 25% & 50% | Top 50% | Bottom 50% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980 | $249 | $47 | $92 | $31 | $123 | $59 | $182 | $50 | $232 | $18 | |
1981 | $282 | $50 | $99 | $36 | $135 | $69 | $204 | $57 | $261 | $21 | |
1982 | $276 | $53 | $100 | $34 | $134 | $66 | $200 | $56 | $256 | $20 | |
1983 | $272 | $55 | $101 | $34 | $135 | $64 | $199 | $54 | $252 | $19 | |
1984 | $297 | $63 | $113 | $37 | $150 | $68 | $219 | $57 | $276 | $22 | |
1985 | $322 | $70 | $125 | $41 | $166 | $73 | $238 | $60 | $299 | $23 | |
1986 | $367 | $94 | $156 | $44 | $201 | $78 | $279 | $64 | $343 | $24 | |
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 changed the definition of AGI, so data above and below this line is not strictly comparable. | |||||||||||
1987 | $369 | $92 | $160 | $46 | $205 | $79 | $284 | $63 | $347 | $22 | |
1988 | $413 | $114 | $188 | $48 | $236 | $85 | $321 | $68 | $389 | $24 | |
1989 | $433 | $109 | $190 | $51 | $241 | $93 | $334 | $73 | $408 | $25 | |
1990 | $447 | $112 | $195 | $52 | $248 | $97 | $344 | $77 | $421 | $26 | |
1991 | $448 | $111 | $194 | $56 | $250 | $96 | $347 | $77 | $424 | $25 | |
1992 | $476 | $131 | $218 | $58 | $276 | $97 | $374 | $78 | $452 | $24 | |
1993 | $503 | $146 | $238 | $60 | $298 | $101 | $399 | $80 | $479 | $24 | |
1994 | $535 | $154 | $254 | $64 | $318 | $108 | $425 | $84 | $509 | $25 | |
1995 | $588 | $178 | $288 | $70 | $357 | $115 | $473 | $88 | $561 | $27 | |
1996 | $658 | $213 | $335 | $76 | $411 | $124 | $535 | $95 | $630 | $28 | |
1997 | $727 | $241 | $377 | $82 | $460 | $134 | $594 | $102 | $696 | $31 | |
1998 | $788 | $274 | $425 | $88 | $513 | $139 | $652 | $103 | $755 | $33 | |
1999 | $877 | $317 | $486 | $97 | $583 | $150 | $733 | $109 | $842 | $35 | |
2000 | $981 | $367 | $554 | $106 | $660 | $164 | $824 | $118 | $942 | $38 | |
The IRS changed methodology, so data above and below this line is not strictly comparable. | |||||||||||
2001 | $885 | $139 | $294 | $462 | $101 | $564 | $158 | $722 | $120 | $842 | $43 |
2002 | $794 | $120 | $263 | $420 | $93 | $513 | $143 | $657 | $104 | $761 | $33 |
2003 | $746 | $115 | $251 | $399 | $85 | $484 | $133 | $617 | $98 | $715 | $30 |
2004 | $829 | $142 | $301 | $467 | $91 | $558 | $137 | $695 | $102 | $797 | $32 |
2005 | $932 | $176 | $361 | $549 | $98 | $647 | $145 | $793 | $106 | $898 | $33 |
2006 | $1,020 | $196 | $402 | $607 | $108 | $715 | $157 | $872 | $113 | $986 | $35 |
2007 | $1,112 | $221 | $443 | $666 | $117 | $783 | $170 | $953 | $122 | $1,075 | $37 |
2008 | $1,029 | $187 | $386 | $597 | $115 | $712 | $168 | $880 | $117 | $997 | $32 |
2009 | $863 | $146 | $314 | $502 | $101 | $604 | $146 | $749 | $93 | $842 | $21 |
2010 | $949 | $170 | $355 | $561 | $110 | $670 | $156 | $827 | $100 | $927 | $22 |
2011 | $1,043 | $168 | $366 | $589 | $123 | $712 | $181 | $893 | $120 | $1,012 | $30 |
2012 | $1,185 | $220 | $451 | $699 | $133 | $831 | $193 | $1,024 | $128 | $1,152 | $33 |
2013 | $1,232 | $228 | $466 | $721 | $139 | $860 | $203 | $1,063 | $135 | $1,198 | $34 |
2014 | $1,374 | $273 | $543 | $824 | $150 | $974 | $219 | $1,193 | $144 | $1,337 | $38 |
2015 | $1,454 | $284 | $568 | $866 | $160 | $1,027 | $233 | $1,260 | $154 | $1,413 | $41 |
2016 | $1,442 | $261 | $538 | $840 | $162 | $1,002 | $238 | $1,240 | $159 | $1,399 | $44 |
2017 | $1,601 | $310 | $616 | $947 | $175 | $1,122 | $257 | $1,379 | $173 | $1,552 | $50 |
2018 | $1,536 | $311 | $616 | $926 | $170 | $1,096 | $240 | $1,336 | $155 | $1,491 | $45 |
2019 | $1,579 | $298 | $612 | $938 | $179 | $1,118 | $250 | $1,368 | $162 | $1,530 | $48 |
Source: IRS, Statistics of Income, Individual Income Rates and Tax Shares |
Year | Total | Top 0.1% | Top 1% | Top 5% | Between 5% & 10% | Top 10% | Between 10% & 25% | Top 25% | Between 25% & 50% | Top 50% | Bottom 50% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980 | 100% | 8.46% | 21.01% | 11.12% | 32.13% | 24.57% | 56.70% | 25.62% | 82.32% | 17.68% | |
1981 | 100% | 8.30% | 20.78% | 11.20% | 31.98% | 24.69% | 56.67% | 25.59% | 82.25% | 17.75% | |
1982 | 100% | 8.91% | 21.23% | 11.03% | 32.26% | 24.53% | 56.79% | 25.50% | 82.29% | 17.71% | |
1983 | 100% | 9.29% | 21.74% | 11.04% | 32.78% | 24.44% | 57.22% | 25.30% | 82.52% | 17.48% | |
1984 | 100% | 9.66% | 22.19% | 11.06% | 33.25% | 24.31% | 57.56% | 25.00% | 82.56% | 17.44% | |
1985 | 100% | 10.03% | 22.67% | 11.10% | 33.77% | 24.21% | 57.97% | 24.77% | 82.74% | 17.26% | |
1986 | 100% | 11.30% | 24.11% | 11.02% | 35.12% | 23.92% | 59.04% | 24.30% | 83.34% | 16.66% | |
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 changed the definition of AGI, so data above and below this line is not strictly comparable. | |||||||||||
1987 | 100% | 12.32% | 25.67% | 11.23% | 36.90% | 23.85% | 60.75% | 23.62% | 84.37% | 15.63% | |
1988 | 100% | 15.16% | 28.51% | 10.94% | 39.45% | 22.99% | 62.44% | 22.63% | 85.07% | 14.93% | |
1989 | 100% | 14.19% | 27.84% | 11.16% | 39.00% | 23.28% | 62.28% | 22.76% | 85.04% | 14.96% | |
1990 | 100% | 14.00% | 27.62% | 11.15% | 38.77% | 23.36% | 62.13% | 22.84% | 84.97% | 15.03% | |
1991 | 100% | 12.99% | 26.83% | 11.37% | 38.20% | 23.65% | 61.85% | 23.01% | 84.87% | 15.13% | |
1992 | 100% | 14.23% | 28.01% | 11.21% | 39.23% | 23.25% | 62.47% | 22.61% | 85.08% | 14.92% | |
1993 | 100% | 13.79% | 27.76% | 11.29% | 39.05% | 23.40% | 62.45% | 22.63% | 85.08% | 14.92% | |
1994 | 100% | 13.80% | 27.85% | 11.34% | 39.19% | 23.45% | 62.64% | 22.48% | 85.11% | 14.89% | |
1995 | 100% | 14.60% | 28.81% | 11.35% | 40.16% | 23.21% | 63.37% | 22.09% | 85.46% | 14.54% | |
1996 | 100% | 16.04% | 30.36% | 11.23% | 41.59% | 22.73% | 64.32% | 21.60% | 85.92% | 14.08% | |
1997 | 100% | 17.38% | 31.79% | 11.03% | 42.83% | 22.22% | 65.05% | 21.11% | 86.16% | 13.84% | |
1998 | 100% | 18.47% | 32.85% | 10.92% | 43.77% | 21.87% | 65.63% | 20.69% | 86.33% | 13.67% | |
1999 | 100% | 19.51% | 34.04% | 10.85% | 44.89% | 21.57% | 66.46% | 20.29% | 86.75% | 13.25% | |
2000 | 100% | 20.81% | 35.30% | 10.71% | 46.01% | 21.15% | 67.15% | 19.86% | 87.01% | 12.99% | |
The IRS changed methodology, so data above and below this line is not strictly comparable. | |||||||||||
2001 | 100% | 8.05% | 17.41% | 31.61% | 10.89% | 42.50% | 21.80% | 64.31% | 21.29% | 85.60% | 14.40% |
2002 | 100% | 7.04% | 16.05% | 30.29% | 11.04% | 41.33% | 22.39% | 63.71% | 21.79% | 85.50% | 14.50% |
2003 | 100% | 7.56% | 16.73% | 30.99% | 11.03% | 42.01% | 22.33% | 64.34% | 21.52% | 85.87% | 14.13% |
2004 | 100% | 9.14% | 18.99% | 33.31% | 10.77% | 44.07% | 21.60% | 65.68% | 20.83% | 86.51% | 13.49% |
2005 | 100% | 10.64% | 21.19% | 35.61% | 10.56% | 46.17% | 20.90% | 67.07% | 19.99% | 87.06% | 12.94% |
2006 | 100% | 11.23% | 22.10% | 36.62% | 10.56% | 47.17% | 20.73% | 67.91% | 19.68% | 87.58% | 12.42% |
2007 | 100% | 11.95% | 22.86% | 37.39% | 10.49% | 47.88% | 20.53% | 68.41% | 19.40% | 87.81% | 12.19% |
2008 | 100% | 10.06% | 20.19% | 34.95% | 11.03% | 45.98% | 21.71% | 67.69% | 20.39% | 88.08% | 11.92% |
2009 | 100% | 7.94% | 17.21% | 32.18% | 11.59% | 43.77% | 22.96% | 66.74% | 21.38% | 88.12% | 11.88% |
2010 | 100% | 9.24% | 18.87% | 33.78% | 11.38% | 45.17% | 22.38% | 67.55% | 20.71% | 88.26% | 11.74% |
2011 | 100% | 8.86% | 18.70% | 33.89% | 11.50% | 45.39% | 22.43% | 67.82% | 20.63% | 88.45% | 11.55% |
2012 | 100% | 11.25% | 21.86% | 36.84% | 11.03% | 47.87% | 21.39% | 69.25% | 19.64% | 88.90% | 11.10% |
2013 | 100% | 9.03% | 19.04% | 34.42% | 11.45% | 45.87% | 22.23% | 68.10% | 20.41% | 88.51% | 11.49% |
2014 | 100% | 10.16% | 20.58% | 35.96% | 11.25% | 47.21% | 21.70% | 68.91% | 19.82% | 88.73% | 11.27% |
2015 | 100% | 10.19% | 20.65% | 36.07% | 11.29% | 47.36% | 21.64% | 68.99% | 19.72% | 88.72% | 11.28% |
2016 | 100% | 9.52% | 19.72% | 35.20% | 11.37% | 46.56% | 21.86% | 68.43% | 19.98% | 88.41% | 11.59% |
2017 | 100% | 10.52% | 21.04% | 36.53% | 11.21% | 47.74% | 21.40% | 69.14% | 19.61% | 88.75% | 11.25% |
2018 | 100% | 10.35% | 20.93% | 36.48% | 11.18% | 47.66% | 21.26% | 68.91% | 19.48% | 88.39% | 11.61% |
2019 | 100% | 9.60% | 20.14% | 35.93% | 11.37% | 47.30% | 21.51% | 68.82% | 19.69% | 88.51% | 11.49% |
Source: IRS, Statistics of Income, Individual Income Rates and Tax Shares |
Year | Total | Top 0.1% | Top 1% | Top 5% | Between 5% & 10% | Top 10% | Between 10% & 25% | Top 25% | Between 25% & 50% | Top 50% | Bottom 50% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980 | 100% | 19.05% | 36.84% | 12.44% | 49.28% | 23.74% | 73.02% | 19.93% | 92.95% | 7.05% | |
1981 | 100% | 17.58% | 35.06% | 12.90% | 47.96% | 24.33% | 72.29% | 20.26% | 92.55% | 7.45% | |
1982 | 100% | 19.03% | 36.13% | 12.45% | 48.59% | 23.91% | 72.50% | 20.15% | 92.65% | 7.35% | |
1983 | 100% | 20.32% | 37.26% | 12.44% | 49.71% | 23.39% | 73.10% | 19.73% | 92.83% | 7.17% | |
1984 | 100% | 21.12% | 37.98% | 12.58% | 50.56% | 22.92% | 73.49% | 19.16% | 92.65% | 7.35% | |
1985 | 100% | 21.81% | 38.78% | 12.67% | 51.46% | 22.60% | 74.06% | 18.77% | 92.83% | 7.17% | |
1986 | 100% | 25.75% | 42.57% | 12.12% | 54.69% | 21.33% | 76.02% | 17.52% | 93.54% | 6.46% | |
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 changed the definition of AGI, so data above and below this line is not strictly comparable. | |||||||||||
1987 | 100% | 24.81% | 43.26% | 12.35% | 55.61% | 21.31% | 76.92% | 17.02% | 93.93% | 6.07% | |
1988 | 100% | 27.58% | 45.62% | 11.66% | 57.28% | 20.57% | 77.84% | 16.44% | 94.28% | 5.72% | |
1989 | 100% | 25.24% | 43.94% | 11.85% | 55.78% | 21.44% | 77.22% | 16.94% | 94.17% | 5.83% | |
1990 | 100% | 25.13% | 43.64% | 11.73% | 55.36% | 21.66% | 77.02% | 17.16% | 94.19% | 5.81% | |
1991 | 100% | 24.82% | 43.38% | 12.45% | 55.82% | 21.46% | 77.29% | 17.23% | 94.52% | 5.48% | |
1992 | 100% | 27.54% | 45.88% | 12.12% | 58.01% | 20.47% | 78.48% | 16.46% | 94.94% | 5.06% | |
1993 | 100% | 29.01% | 47.36% | 11.88% | 59.24% | 20.03% | 79.27% | 15.92% | 95.19% | 4.81% | |
1994 | 100% | 28.86% | 47.52% | 11.93% | 59.45% | 20.10% | 79.55% | 15.68% | 95.23% | 4.77% | |
1995 | 100% | 30.26% | 48.91% | 11.84% | 60.75% | 19.62% | 80.36% | 15.03% | 95.39% | 4.61% | |
1996 | 100% | 32.31% | 50.97% | 11.54% | 62.51% | 18.80% | 81.32% | 14.36% | 95.68% | 4.32% | |
1997 | 100% | 33.17% | 51.87% | 11.33% | 63.20% | 18.47% | 81.67% | 14.05% | 95.72% | 4.28% | |
1998 | 100% | 34.75% | 53.84% | 11.20% | 65.04% | 17.65% | 82.69% | 13.10% | 95.79% | 4.21% | |
1999 | 100% | 36.18% | 55.45% | 11.00% | 66.45% | 17.09% | 83.54% | 12.46% | 96.00% | 4.00% | |
2000 | 100% | 37.42% | 56.47% | 10.86% | 67.33% | 16.68% | 84.01% | 12.08% | 96.09% | 3.91% | |
The IRS changed methodology, so data above and below this line is not strictly comparable. | |||||||||||
2001 | 100% | 15.68% | 33.22% | 52.24% | 11.44% | 63.68% | 17.88% | 81.56% | 13.54% | 95.10% | 4.90% |
2002 | 100% | 15.09% | 33.09% | 52.86% | 11.77% | 64.63% | 18.04% | 82.67% | 13.12% | 95.79% | 4.21% |
2003 | 100% | 15.37% | 33.69% | 53.54% | 11.35% | 64.89% | 17.87% | 82.76% | 13.17% | 95.93% | 4.07% |
2004 | 100% | 17.12% | 36.28% | 56.35% | 10.96% | 67.30% | 16.52% | 83.82% | 12.31% | 96.13% | 3.87% |
2005 | 100% | 18.91% | 38.78% | 58.93% | 10.52% | 69.46% | 15.61% | 85.07% | 11.35% | 96.41% | 3.59% |
2006 | 100% | 19.24% | 39.36% | 59.49% | 10.59% | 70.08% | 15.41% | 85.49% | 11.10% | 96.59% | 3.41% |
2007 | 100% | 19.84% | 39.81% | 59.90% | 10.51% | 70.41% | 15.30% | 85.71% | 10.93% | 96.64% | 3.36% |
2008 | 100% | 18.20% | 37.51% | 58.06% | 11.14% | 69.20% | 16.37% | 85.57% | 11.33% | 96.90% | 3.10% |
2009 | 100% | 16.91% | 36.34% | 58.17% | 11.72% | 69.89% | 16.85% | 86.74% | 10.80% | 97.54% | 2.46% |
2010 | 100% | 17.88% | 37.38% | 59.07% | 11.55% | 70.62% | 16.49% | 87.11% | 10.53% | 97.64% | 2.36% |
2011 | 100% | 16.14% | 35.06% | 56.49% | 11.77% | 68.26% | 17.36% | 85.62% | 11.50% | 97.11% | 2.89% |
2012 | 100% | 18.60% | 38.09% | 58.95% | 11.22% | 70.17% | 16.25% | 86.42% | 10.80% | 97.22% | 2.78% |
2013 | 100% | 18.48% | 37.80% | 58.55% | 11.25% | 69.80% | 16.47% | 86.27% | 10.94% | 97.22% | 2.78% |
2014 | 100% | 19.85% | 39.48% | 59.97% | 10.91% | 70.88% | 15.90% | 86.78% | 10.47% | 97.25% | 2.75% |
2015 | 100% | 19.50% | 39.04% | 59.58% | 11.01% | 70.59% | 16.03% | 86.62% | 10.55% | 97.17% | 2.83% |
2016 | 100.00% | 18.12% | 37.32% | 58.23% | 11.24% | 69.47% | 16.50% | 85.97% | 10.99% | 96.96% | 3.04% |
2017 | 100.00% | 19.34% | 38.47% | 59.14% | 10.94% | 70.08% | 16.02% | 86.10% | 10.79% | 96.89% | 3.11% |
2018 | 100.00% | 20.22% | 40.08% | 60.30% | 11.06% | 71.37% | 15.60% | 86.97% | 10.09% | 97.06% | 2.94% |
2019 | 100.00% | 18.87% | 38.77% | 59.44% | 11.37% | 70.81% | 15.84% | 86.65% | 10.29% | 96.94% | 3.06% |
Source: IRS, Statistics of Income, Individual Income Rates and Tax Shares |
Year | Top 0.1% | Top 1% | Top 5% | Top 10% | Top 25% | Top 50% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980 | $80,580 | $43,792 | $35,070 | $23,606 | $12,936 | |
1981 | $85,428 | $47,845 | $38,283 | $25,655 | $14,000 | |
1982 | $89,388 | $49,284 | $39,676 | $27,027 | $14,539 | |
1983 | $93,512 | $51,553 | $41,222 | $27,827 | $15,044 | |
1984 | $100,889 | $55,423 | $43,956 | $29,360 | $15,998 | |
1985 | $108,134 | $58,883 | $46,322 | $30,928 | $16,688 | |
1986 | $118,818 | $62,377 | $48,656 | $32,242 | $17,302 | |
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 changed the definition of AGI, so data above and below this line is not strictly comparable. | ||||||
1987 | $139,289 | $68,414 | $52,921 | $33,983 | $17,768 | |
1988 | $157,136 | $72,735 | $55,437 | $35,398 | $18,367 | |
1989 | $163,869 | $76,933 | $58,263 | $36,839 | $18,993 | |
1990 | $167,421 | $79,064 | $60,287 | $38,080 | $19,767 | |
1991 | $170,139 | $81,720 | $61,944 | $38,929 | $20,097 | |
1992 | $181,904 | $85,103 | $64,457 | $40,378 | $20,803 | |
1993 | $185,715 | $87,386 | $66,077 | $41,210 | $21,179 | |
1994 | $195,726 | $91,226 | $68,753 | $42,742 | $21,802 | |
1995 | $209,406 | $96,221 | $72,094 | $44,207 | $22,344 | |
1996 | $227,546 | $101,141 | $74,986 | $45,757 | $23,174 | |
1997 | $250,736 | $108,048 | $79,212 | $48,173 | $24,393 | |
1998 | $269,496 | $114,729 | $83,220 | $50,607 | $25,491 | |
1999 | $293,415 | $120,846 | $87,682 | $52,965 | $26,415 | |
2000 | $313,469 | $128,336 | $92,144 | $55,225 | $27,682 | |
The IRS changed methodology, so data above and below this line is not strictly comparable. | ||||||
2001 | $1,393,718 | $306,635 | $132,082 | $96,151 | $59,026 | $31,418 |
2002 | $1,245,352 | $296,194 | $130,750 | $95,699 | $59,066 | $31,299 |
2003 | $1,317,088 | $305,939 | $133,741 | $97,470 | $59,896 | $31,447 |
2004 | $1,617,918 | $339,993 | $140,758 | $101,838 | $62,794 | $32,622 |
2005 | $1,938,175 | $379,261 | $149,216 | $106,864 | $64,821 | $33,484 |
2006 | $2,124,625 | $402,603 | $157,390 | $112,016 | $67,291 | $34,417 |
2007 | $2,251,017 | $426,439 | $164,883 | $116,396 | $69,559 | $35,541 |
2008 | $1,867,652 | $392,513 | $163,512 | $116,813 | $69,813 | $35,340 |
2009 | $1,469,393 | $351,968 | $157,342 | $114,181 | $68,216 | $34,156 |
2010 | $1,634,386 | $369,691 | $161,579 | $116,623 | $69,126 | $34,338 |
2011 | $1,717,675 | $388,905 | $167,728 | $120,136 | $70,492 | $34,823 |
2012 | $2,161,175 | $434,682 | $175,817 | $125,195 | $73,354 | $36,055 |
2013 | $1,860,848 | $428,713 | $179,760 | $127,695 | $74,955 | $36,841 |
2014 | $2,136,762 | $465,626 | $188,996 | $133,445 | $77,714 | $38,173 |
2015 | $2,220,264 | $480,930 | $195,778 | $138,031 | $79,655 | $39,275 |
2016 | $2,124,117 | $480,804 | $197,651 | $139,713 | $80,921 | $40,078 |
2017 | $2,374,937 | $515,371 | $208,053 | $145,135 | $83,682 | $41,740 |
2018 | $2,514,209 | $540,009 | $217,913 | $151,935 | $87,044 | $43,614 |
2019 | $2,458,432 | $546,434 | $221,572 | $154,589 | $87,917 | $44,269 |
Source: IRS, Statistics of Income, Individual Income Rates and Tax Shares |
Year | Total | Top 0.1% | Top 1% | Top 5% | Between 5% & 10% | Top 10% | Between 10% & 25% | Top 25% | Between 25% & 50% | Top 50% | Bottom 50% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980 | 15.31% | 34.47% | 26.85% | 17.13% | 23.49% | 14.80% | 19.72% | 11.91% | 17.29% | 6.10% | |
1981 | 15.76% | 33.37% | 26.59% | 18.16% | 23.64% | 15.53% | 20.11% | 12.48% | 17.73% | 6.62% | |
1982 | 14.72% | 31.43% | 25.05% | 16.61% | 22.17% | 14.35% | 18.79% | 11.63% | 16.57% | 6.10% | |
1983 | 13.79% | 30.18% | 23.64% | 15.54% | 20.91% | 13.20% | 17.62% | 10.76% | 15.52% | 5.66% | |
1984 | 13.68% | 29.92% | 23.42% | 15.57% | 20.81% | 12.90% | 17.47% | 10.48% | 15.35% | 5.77% | |
1985 | 13.73% | 29.86% | 23.50% | 15.69% | 20.93% | 12.83% | 17.55% | 10.41% | 15.41% | 5.70% | |
1986 | 14.54% | 33.13% | 25.68% | 15.99% | 22.64% | 12.97% | 18.72% | 10.48% | 16.32% | 5.63% | |
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 changed the definition of AGI, so data above and below this line is not strictly comparable. | |||||||||||
1987 | 13.12% | 26.41% | 22.10% | 14.43% | 19.77% | 11.71% | 16.61% | 9.45% | 14.60% | 5.09% | |
1988 | 13.21% | 24.04% | 21.14% | 14.07% | 19.18% | 11.82% | 16.47% | 9.60% | 14.64% | 5.06% | |
1989 | 13.12% | 23.34% | 20.71% | 13.93% | 18.77% | 12.08% | 16.27% | 9.77% | 14.53% | 5.11% | |
1990 | 12.95% | 23.25% | 20.46% | 13.63% | 18.50% | 12.01% | 16.06% | 9.73% | 14.36% | 5.01% | |
1991 | 12.75% | 24.37% | 20.62% | 13.96% | 18.63% | 11.57% | 15.93% | 9.55% | 14.20% | 4.62% | |
1992 | 12.94% | 25.05% | 21.19% | 13.99% | 19.13% | 11.39% | 16.25% | 9.42% | 14.44% | 4.39% | |
1993 | 13.32% | 28.01% | 22.71% | 14.01% | 20.20% | 11.40% | 16.90% | 9.37% | 14.90% | 4.29% | |
1994 | 13.50% | 28.23% | 23.04% | 14.20% | 20.48% | 11.57% | 17.15% | 9.42% | 15.11% | 4.32% | |
1995 | 13.86% | 28.73% | 23.53% | 14.46% | 20.97% | 11.71% | 17.58% | 9.43% | 15.47% | 4.39% | |
1996 | 14.34% | 28.87% | 24.07% | 14.74% | 21.55% | 11.86% | 18.12% | 9.53% | 15.96% | 4.40% | |
1997 | 14.48% | 27.64% | 23.62% | 14.87% | 21.36% | 12.04% | 18.18% | 9.63% | 16.09% | 4.48% | |
1998 | 14.42% | 27.12% | 23.63% | 14.79% | 21.42% | 11.63% | 18.16% | 9.12% | 16.00% | 4.44% | |
1999 | 14.85% | 27.53% | 24.18% | 15.06% | 21.98% | 11.76% | 18.66% | 9.12% | 16.43% | 4.48% | |
2000 | 15.26% | 27.45% | 24.42% | 15.48% | 22.34% | 12.04% | 19.09% | 9.28% | 16.86% | 4.60% | |
The IRS changed methodology, so data above and below this line is not strictly comparable. | |||||||||||
2001 | 14.47% | 28.17% | 27.60% | 23.91% | 15.20% | 21.68% | 11.87% | 18.35% | 9.20% | 16.08% | 4.92% |
2002 | 13.28% | 28.48% | 27.37% | 23.17% | 14.15% | 20.76% | 10.70% | 17.23% | 8.00% | 14.87% | 3.86% |
2003 | 12.11% | 24.60% | 24.38% | 20.92% | 12.46% | 18.70% | 9.69% | 15.57% | 7.41% | 13.53% | 3.49% |
2004 | 12.31% | 23.06% | 23.52% | 20.83% | 12.53% | 18.80% | 9.41% | 15.71% | 7.27% | 13.68% | 3.53% |
2005 | 12.65% | 22.48% | 23.15% | 20.93% | 12.61% | 19.03% | 9.45% | 16.04% | 7.18% | 14.01% | 3.51% |
2006 | 12.80% | 21.94% | 22.80% | 20.80% | 12.84% | 19.02% | 9.52% | 16.12% | 7.22% | 14.12% | 3.51% |
2007 | 12.90% | 21.42% | 22.46% | 20.66% | 12.92% | 18.96% | 9.61% | 16.16% | 7.27% | 14.19% | 3.56% |
2008 | 12.54% | 22.67% | 23.29% | 20.83% | 12.66% | 18.87% | 9.45% | 15.85% | 6.97% | 13.79% | 3.26% |
2009 | 11.39% | 24.28% | 24.05% | 20.59% | 11.53% | 18.19% | 8.36% | 14.81% | 5.76% | 12.61% | 2.35% |
2010 | 11.81% | 22.84% | 23.39% | 20.64% | 11.98% | 18.46% | 8.70% | 15.22% | 6.01% | 13.06% | 2.37% |
2011 | 12.54% | 22.82% | 23.50% | 20.89% | 12.83% | 18.85% | 9.70% | 15.82% | 6.98% | 13.76% | 3.13% |
2012 | 13.11% | 21.67% | 22.83% | 20.97% | 13.33% | 19.21% | 9.96% | 16.35% | 7.21% | 14.33% | 3.28% |
2013 | 13.64% | 27.91% | 27.08% | 23.20% | 13.40% | 20.75% | 10.11% | 17.28% | 7.31% | 14.98% | 3.30% |
2014 | 14.16% | 27.67% | 27.16% | 23.61% | 13.73% | 21.25% | 10.37% | 17.83% | 7.48% | 15.52% | 3.45% |
2015 | 14.34% | 27.44% | 27.10% | 23.68% | 13.99% | 21.37% | 10.62% | 18.00% | 7.67% | 15.71% | 3.59% |
2016 | 14.20% | 27.05% | 26.87% | 23.49% | 14.05% | 21.19% | 10.71% | 17.84% | 7.81% | 15.57% | 3.73% |
2017 | 14.64% | 26.93% | 26.76% | 23.70% | 14.29% | 21.49% | 10.96% | 18.23% | 8.06% | 15.99% | 4.05% |
2018 | 13.28% | 25.96% | 25.44% | 21.96% | 13.14% | 19.89% | 9.75% | 16.77% | 6.88% | 14.59% | 3.36% |
2019 | 13.29% | 26.12% | 25.57% | 21.98% | 13.28% | 19.89% | 9.78% | 16.73% | 6.94% | 14.55% | 3.54% |
Source: IRS, Statistics of Income, Individual Income Rates and Tax Shares |
[All figures are estimates based on samples] | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Descending cumulative percentiles | ||||||||||||||
Top 0.001 percent | Top 0.01 percent | Top 0.1 percent | Top 1 percent | Top 2 percent | Top 3 percent | Top 4 percent | Top 5 percent | Top 10 percent | Top 20 percent | Top 25 percent | Top 30 percent | Top 40 percent | Top 50 percent | ||
Number of returns: | |||||||||||||||
2001 | 119,370,886 | 1,194 | 11,937 | 119,371 | 1,193,709 | 2,387,418 | 3,581,127 | 4,774,835 | 5,968,544 | 11,937,089 | 23,874,177 | 29,842,722 | 35,811,266 | 47,748,354 | 59,685,443 |
2002 | 119,850,561 | 1,199 | 11,985 | 119,851 | 1,198,506 | 2,397,011 | 3,595,517 | 4,794,022 | 5,992,528 | 11,985,056 | 23,970,112 | 29,962,640 | 35,955,168 | 47,940,224 | 59,925,281 |
2003 | 120,758,947 | 1,208 | 12,076 | 120,759 | 1,207,589 | 2,415,179 | 3,622,768 | 4,830,358 | 6,037,947 | 12,075,895 | 24,151,789 | 30,189,737 | 36,227,684 | 48,303,579 | 60,379,474 |
2004 | 122,509,974 | 1,225 | 12,251 | 122,510 | 1,225,100 | 2,450,199 | 3,675,299 | 4,900,399 | 6,125,499 | 12,250,997 | 24,501,995 | 30,627,494 | 36,752,992 | 49,003,990 | 61,254,987 |
2005 | 124,673,055 | 1,247 | 12,467 | 124,673 | 1,246,731 | 2,493,461 | 3,740,192 | 4,986,922 | 6,233,653 | 12,467,306 | 24,934,611 | 31,168,264 | 37,401,917 | 49,869,222 | 62,336,528 |
2006 | 128,441,165 | 1,284 | 12,844 | 128,441 | 1,284,412 | 2,568,823 | 3,853,235 | 5,137,647 | 6,422,058 | 12,844,117 | 25,688,233 | 32,110,291 | 38,532,350 | 51,376,466 | 64,220,583 |
2007 | [4] 132,654,911 | [4] 1,327 | [4] 13,265 | 132,654 | 1,326,549 | 2,653,098 | 3,979,647 | 5,306,196 | 6,632,746 | 13,265,491 | 26,530,982 | 33,163,728 | 39,796,473 | 53,061,964 | 66,327,456 |
2008 | 132,891,770 | 1,329 | 13,289 | 132,892 | 1,328,918 | 2,657,835 | 3,986,753 | 5,315,671 | 6,644,589 | 13,289,177 | 26,578,354 | 33,222,943 | 39,867,531 | 53,156,708 | 66,445,885 |
2009 | 132,619,936 | 1,326 | 13,262 | 132,620 | 1,326,199 | 2,652,399 | 3,978,598 | 5,304,797 | 6,630,997 | 13,261,994 | 26,523,987 | 33,154,984 | 39,785,981 | 53,047,974 | 66,309,968 |
2010 | 135,033,492 | 1,350 | 13,503 | 135,033 | 1,350,335 | 2,700,670 | 4,051,005 | 5,401,340 | 6,751,675 | 13,503,349 | 27,006,698 | 33,758,373 | 40,510,048 | 54,013,397 | 67,516,746 |
2011 | 136,585,712 | 1,366 | 13,659 | 136,586 | 1,365,857 | 2,731,714 | 4,097,571 | 5,463,428 | 6,829,286 | 13,658,571 | 27,317,142 | 34,146,428 | 40,975,714 | 54,634,285 | 68,292,856 |
2012 | 136,080,353 | 1,361 | 13,608 | 136,080 | 1,360,804 | 2,721,607 | 4,082,411 | 5,443,214 | 6,804,018 | 13,608,035 | 27,216,071 | 34,020,088 | 40,824,106 | 54,432,141 | 68,040,177 |
2013 | 138,313,155 | 1,383 | 13,831 | 138,313 | 1,383,132 | 2,766,263 | 4,149,395 | 5,532,526 | 6,915,658 | 13,831,316 | 27,662,631 | 34,578,289 | 41,493,947 | 55,325,262 | 69,156,578 |
2014 | 139,562,034 | 1,396 | 13,956 | 139,562 | 1,395,620 | 2,791,241 | 4,186,861 | 5,582,481 | 6,978,102 | 13,956,203 | 27,912,407 | 34,890,509 | 41,868,610 | 55,824,814 | 69,781,017 |
2015 | 141,204,625 | 1,412 | 14,120 | 141,205 | 1,412,046 | 2,824,093 | 4,236,139 | 5,648,185 | 7,060,231 | 14,120,463 | 28,240,925 | 35,301,156 | 42,361,388 | 56,481,850 | 70,602,313 |
2016 | 140,888,785 | 1,409 | 14,089 | 140,889 | 1,408,888 | 2,817,776 | 4,226,664 | 5,635,551 | 7,044,439 | 14,088,879 | 28,177,757 | 35,222,196 | 42,266,636 | 56,355,514 | 70,444,393 |
2017 | 143,295,160 | 1,433 | 14,330 | 143,295 | 1,432,952 | 2,865,903 | 4,298,855 | 5,731,806 | 7,164,758 | 14,329,516 | 28,659,032 | 35,823,790 | 42,988,548 | 57,318,064 | 71,647,580 |
2018 | 144,317,866 | 1,443 | 14,432 | 144,318 | 1,443,179 | 2,886,357 | 4,329,536 | 5,772,715 | 7,215,893 | 14,431,787 | 28,863,573 | 36,079,467 | 43,295,360 | 57,727,146 | 72,158,933 |
2019 | 148,245,929 | 1,482 | 14,825 | 148,246 | 1,482,459 | 2,964,919 | 4,447,378 | 5,929,837 | 7,412,296 | 14,824,593 | 29,649,186 | 37,061,482 | 44,473,779 | 59,298,372 | 74,122,965 |
Adjusted gross income floor on percentiles (current dollars): | |||||||||||||||
2001 | N/A | 31,331,335 | 6,869,952 | 1,393,718 | 306,635 | 207,592 | 167,788 | 145,667 | 132,082 | 96,151 | 67,818 | 59,026 | 51,863 | 40,293 | 31,418 |
2002 | N/A | 25,921,482 | 5,891,214 | 1,245,352 | 296,194 | 200,654 | 164,409 | 144,575 | 130,750 | 95,699 | 67,928 | 59,066 | 51,721 | 40,073 | 31,299 |
2003 | N/A | 28,489,160 | 6,386,149 | 1,317,088 | 305,939 | 205,565 | 168,248 | 147,132 | 133,741 | 97,470 | 69,304 | 59,896 | 52,353 | 40,383 | 31,447 |
2004 | N/A | 38,780,500 | 8,455,107 | 1,617,918 | 339,993 | 224,320 | 181,127 | 156,665 | 140,758 | 101,838 | 72,069 | 62,794 | 54,765 | 42,081 | 32,622 |
2005 | N/A | 50,796,495 | 10,738,867 | 1,938,175 | 379,261 | 245,392 | 194,726 | 167,281 | 149,216 | 106,864 | 74,790 | 64,821 | 56,583 | 43,361 | 33,484 |
2006 | N/A | 54,665,360 | 11,649,460 | 2,124,625 | 402,603 | 258,800 | 205,835 | 176,455 | 157,390 | 112,016 | 77,776 | 67,291 | 58,505 | 44,748 | 34,417 |
2007 | N/A | 62,955,875 | 12,747,384 | 2,251,017 | 426,439 | 270,440 | 214,832 | 184,473 | 164,883 | 116,396 | 80,723 | 69,559 | 60,617 | 46,200 | 35,541 |
2008 | N/A | 49,546,782 | 10,097,827 | 1,867,652 | 392,513 | 260,381 | 209,750 | 181,624 | 163,512 | 116,813 | 80,886 | 69,813 | 60,535 | 46,120 | 35,340 |
2009 | N/A | 34,381,494 | 7,206,540 | 1,469,393 | 351,968 | 243,096 | 198,731 | 174,432 | 157,342 | 114,181 | 79,237 | 68,216 | 58,876 | 44,529 | 34,156 |
2010 | N/A | 45,039,369 | 8,762,618 | 1,634,386 | 369,691 | 252,785 | 205,942 | 179,023 | 161,579 | 116,623 | 80,462 | 69,126 | 59,512 | 44,895 | 34,338 |
2011 | N/A | 41,965,258 | 8,830,028 | 1,717,675 | 388,905 | 262,933 | 213,441 | 185,812 | 167,728 | 120,136 | 82,241 | 70,492 | 60,789 | 45,722 | 34,823 |
2012 | N/A | 62,068,187 | 12,104,014 | 2,161,175 | 434,682 | 285,908 | 227,923 | 196,416 | 175,817 | 125,195 | 85,440 | 73,354 | 63,222 | 47,475 | 36,055 |
2013 | N/A | 45,097,112 | 9,460,540 | 1,860,848 | 428,713 | 287,018 | 231,507 | 200,472 | 179,760 | 127,695 | 87,434 | 74,955 | 64,650 | 48,463 | 36,841 |
2014 | N/A | 56,981,718 | 11,407,987 | 2,136,762 | 465,626 | 306,650 | 245,902 | 211,261 | 188,996 | 133,445 | 90,606 | 77,714 | 66,868 | 50,083 | 38,173 |
2015 | N/A | 59,380,503 | 11,930,649 | 2,220,264 | 480,930 | 316,913 | 253,979 | 218,911 | 195,778 | 138,031 | 93,212 | 79,655 | 68,632 | 51,571 | 39,275 |
2016 | N/A | 53,052,900 | 10,963,921 | 2,124,117 | 480,804 | 319,796 | 256,673 | 221,381 | 197,651 | 139,713 | 94,620 | 80,921 | 69,581 | 52,529 | 40,078 |
2017 | N/A | 63,430,119 | 12,899,070 | 2,374,937 | 515,371 | 339,478 | 271,182 | 232,955 | 208,053 | 145,135 | 97,870 | 83,682 | 72,268 | 54,672 | 41,740 |
2018 | N/A | 68,934,261 | 13,576,286 | 2,514,209 | 540,009 | 359,368 | 286,106 | 245,050 | 217,913 | 151,935 | 101,765 | 87,044 | 75,083 | 57,092 | 43,614 |
2019 | N/A | 60,658,598 | 12,623,539 | 2,458,432 | 546,434 | 364,693 | 291,384 | 249,320 | 221,572 | 154,589 | 103,012 | 87,917 | 75,991 | 57,685 | 44,269 |
Adjusted gross income floor on percentiles (constant dollars): [1] | |||||||||||||||
2001 | N/A | 23,122,756 | 5,070,075 | 1,028,574 | 226,299 | 153,204 | 123,829 | 107,503 | 97,477 | 70,960 | 50,050 | 43,562 | 38,275 | 29,737 | 23,187 |
2002 | N/A | 18,838,286 | 4,281,406 | 905,052 | 215,257 | 145,824 | 119,483 | 105,069 | 95,022 | 69,549 | 49,366 | 42,926 | 37,588 | 29,123 | 22,746 |
2003 | N/A | 20,233,778 | 4,535,617 | 935,432 | 217,286 | 145,998 | 119,494 | 104,497 | 94,987 | 69,226 | 49,222 | 42,540 | 37,183 | 28,681 | 22,335 |
2004 | N/A | 26,837,716 | 5,851,285 | 1,119,666 | 235,289 | 155,239 | 125,347 | 108,419 | 97,410 | 70,476 | 49,875 | 43,456 | 37,900 | 29,122 | 22,576 |
2005 | N/A | 34,000,331 | 7,187,997 | 1,297,306 | 253,856 | 164,252 | 130,339 | 111,969 | 99,877 | 71,529 | 50,060 | 43,388 | 37,873 | 29,023 | 22,412 |
2006 | N/A | 35,450,947 | 7,554,773 | 1,377,837 | 261,091 | 167,834 | 133,486 | 114,433 | 102,069 | 72,643 | 50,438 | 43,639 | 37,941 | 29,019 | 22,320 |
2007 | N/A | 39,694,751 | 8,037,443 | 1,419,305 | 268,877 | 170,517 | 135,455 | 116,313 | 103,962 | 73,390 | 50,897 | 43,858 | 38,220 | 29,130 | 22,409 |
2008 | N/A | 30,083,049 | 6,131,043 | 1,133,972 | 238,320 | 158,094 | 127,353 | 110,276 | 99,279 | 70,925 | 49,111 | 42,388 | 36,755 | 28,002 | 21,457 |
2009 | N/A | 20,951,550 | 4,391,554 | 895,425 | 214,484 | 148,139 | 121,104 | 106,296 | 95,882 | 69,580 | 48,286 | 41,570 | 35,878 | 27,135 | 20,814 |
2010 | N/A | 27,002,020 | 5,253,368 | 979,848 | 221,637 | 151,550 | 123,466 | 107,328 | 96,870 | 69,918 | 48,239 | 41,442 | 35,679 | 26,915 | 20,586 |
2011 | N/A | 24,384,229 | 5,130,754 | 998,068 | 225,976 | 152,779 | 124,021 | 107,967 | 97,460 | 69,806 | 47,787 | 40,960 | 35,322 | 26,567 | 20,234 |
2012 | N/A | 35,346,348 | 6,892,946 | 1,230,737 | 247,541 | 162,818 | 129,797 | 111,854 | 100,124 | 71,296 | 48,656 | 41,773 | 36,003 | 27,036 | 20,532 |
2013 | N/A | 25,301,633 | 5,307,815 | 1,044,025 | 240,528 | 161,031 | 129,886 | 112,474 | 100,854 | 71,643 | 49,055 | 42,053 | 36,272 | 27,190 | 20,670 |
2014 | N/A | 31,464,229 | 6,299,275 | 1,179,880 | 257,110 | 169,326 | 135,782 | 116,654 | 104,360 | 73,686 | 50,031 | 42,912 | 36,923 | 27,655 | 21,078 |
2015 | N/A | 32,752,622 | 6,580,612 | 1,224,635 | 265,268 | 174,800 | 140,088 | 120,745 | 107,986 | 76,134 | 51,413 | 43,935 | 37,855 | 28,445 | 21,663 |
2016 | N/A | 28,895,915 | 5,971,635 | 1,156,926 | 261,876 | 174,181 | 139,800 | 120,578 | 107,653 | 76,096 | 51,536 | 44,075 | 37,898 | 28,611 | 21,829 |
2017 | N/A | 33,829,397 | 6,879,504 | 1,266,633 | 274,865 | 181,055 | 144,630 | 124,243 | 110,962 | 77,405 | 52,197 | 44,630 | 38,543 | 29,158 | 22,261 |
2018 | N/A | 35,884,571 | 7,067,301 | 1,308,802 | 281,108 | 187,073 | 148,936 | 127,564 | 113,437 | 79,092 | 52,975 | 45,312 | 39,085 | 29,720 | 22,704 |
2019 | N/A | 31,011,553 | 6,453,752 | 1,256,867 | 279,363 | 186,448 | 148,969 | 127,464 | 113,278 | 79,033 | 52,665 | 44,947 | 38,850 | 29,491 | 22,632 |
Adjusted gross income (millions of dollars): | |||||||||||||||
2001 | 6,116,274 | 84,705 | 216,684 | 492,437 | 1,064,928 | 1,360,872 | 1,582,562 | 1,768,355 | 1,933,563 | 2,599,650 | 3,555,692 | 3,933,186 | 4,263,535 | 4,810,102 | 5,235,273 |
2002 | 5,982,260 | 68,565 | 179,420 | 420,987 | 960,352 | 1,247,308 | 1,463,587 | 1,647,849 | 1,812,094 | 2,472,326 | 3,431,568 | 3,811,534 | 4,143,048 | 4,689,683 | 5,114,828 |
2003 | 6,156,994 | 83,238 | 206,010 | 465,594 | 1,030,178 | 1,327,075 | 1,549,825 | 1,738,945 | 1,907,837 | 2,586,777 | 3,572,674 | 3,961,657 | 4,300,174 | 4,855,774 | 5,286,949 |
2004 | 6,734,554 | 111,932 | 280,449 | 615,494 | 1,278,879 | 1,610,803 | 1,855,778 | 2,061,398 | 2,243,098 | 2,968,169 | 4,010,897 | 4,423,150 | 4,782,507 | 5,371,578 | 5,826,206 |
2005 | 7,365,689 | 143,370 | 362,581 | 783,762 | 1,560,659 | 1,932,055 | 2,202,354 | 2,426,492 | 2,623,077 | 3,400,596 | 4,506,197 | 4,940,249 | 5,317,903 | 5,936,944 | 6,412,897 |
2006 | 7,969,813 | 170,567 | 418,573 | 895,044 | 1,761,119 | 2,166,188 | 2,460,559 | 2,704,549 | 2,918,422 | 3,759,733 | 4,947,104 | 5,412,038 | 5,815,385 | 6,474,937 | 6,980,130 |
2007 | 8,621,963 | 219,494 | 503,678 | 1,030,091 | 1,971,021 | 2,411,916 | 2,729,468 | 2,992,467 | 3,223,396 | 4,128,240 | 5,401,825 | 5,898,437 | 6,329,354 | 7,032,507 | 7,571,084 |
2008 | 8,206,158 | 173,257 | 397,957 | 825,898 | 1,656,771 | 2,072,196 | 2,380,698 | 2,639,100 | 2,867,730 | 3,772,889 | 5,055,298 | 5,554,583 | 5,986,923 | 6,690,342 | 7,228,036 |
2009 | 7,578,641 | 126,242 | 281,687 | 601,504 | 1,304,627 | 1,684,139 | 1,973,637 | 2,219,853 | 2,439,146 | 3,317,402 | 4,570,256 | 5,057,761 | 5,478,063 | 6,159,780 | 6,678,194 |
2010 | 8,039,779 | 166,727 | 366,563 | 742,989 | 1,517,146 | 1,922,058 | 2,228,360 | 2,486,918 | 2,716,199 | 3,631,364 | 4,927,262 | 5,430,952 | 5,864,278 | 6,564,169 | 7,095,680 |
2011 | 8,317,188 | 144,984 | 342,338 | 737,251 | 1,555,701 | 1,984,960 | 2,306,674 | 2,578,137 | 2,818,879 | 3,774,978 | 5,120,188 | 5,640,585 | 6,088,552 | 6,810,489 | 7,356,627 |
2012 | 9,041,744 | 219,067 | 501,374 | 1,017,057 | 1,976,738 | 2,446,464 | 2,791,205 | 3,078,337 | 3,330,944 | 4,327,899 | 5,722,980 | 6,261,677 | 6,725,553 | 7,473,507 | 8,037,800 |
2013 | 9,033,840 | 168,992 | 384,881 | 815,662 | 1,719,794 | 2,195,723 | 2,550,046 | 2,847,179 | 3,109,388 | 4,143,498 | 5,591,750 | 6,151,678 | 6,633,611 | 7,409,491 | 7,995,603 |
2014 | 9,708,663 | 207,145 | 475,714 | 986,078 | 1,997,819 | 2,514,973 | 2,895,712 | 3,212,471 | 3,490,867 | 4,583,416 | 6,104,146 | 6,690,287 | 7,193,799 | 8,002,581 | 8,614,544 |
2015 | 10,142,620 | 214,647 | 495,201 | 1,033,473 | 2,094,906 | 2,636,987 | 3,034,889 | 3,366,920 | 3,658,556 | 4,803,327 | 6,389,094 | 6,997,737 | 7,519,683 | 8,360,826 | 8,998,075 |
2016 | 10,156,612 | 204,934 | 460,894 | 966,465 | 2,003,066 | 2,544,904 | 2,946,100 | 3,280,595 | 3,574,828 | 4,729,405 | 6,333,469 | 6,950,051 | 7,479,129 | 8,331,664 | 8,979,705 |
2017 | 10,936,500 | 256,250 | 565,453 | 1,150,471 | 2,301,449 | 2,889,391 | 3,321,003 | 3,680,328 | 3,995,037 | 5,220,949 | 6,913,130 | 7,561,368 | 8,118,508 | 9,019,611 | 9,706,054 |
2018 | 11,563,883 | 241,954 | 570,189 | 1,196,670 | 2,420,025 | 3,044,552 | 3,503,876 | 3,884,856 | 4,217,996 | 5,511,117 | 7,289,834 | 7,969,121 | 8,552,653 | 9,499,838 | 10,221,814 |
2019 | 11,882,850 | 214,487 | 522,449 | 1,140,517 | 2,393,383 | 3,042,810 | 3,523,664 | 3,921,774 | 4,269,727 | 5,621,027 | 7,472,188 | 8,177,266 | 8,783,586 | 9,766,007 | 10,517,131 |
Total income tax (millions of dollars): [2] | |||||||||||||||
2001 | 884,931 | 20,363 | 57,329 | 138,735 | 293,968 | 358,761 | 401,189 | 434,411 | 462,288 | 563,525 | 681,732 | 721,756 | 755,307 | 807,098 | 841,587 |
2002 | 794,282 | 16,728 | 48,388 | 119,894 | 262,820 | 323,052 | 362,355 | 393,407 | 419,871 | 513,320 | 620,746 | 656,602 | 687,111 | 731,873 | 760,808 |
2003 | 745,514 | 17,169 | 47,192 | 114,559 | 251,146 | 308,878 | 345,930 | 374,786 | 399,176 | 483,792 | 582,130 | 617,015 | 645,885 | 688,113 | 715,163 |
2004 | 829,096 | 21,437 | 59,739 | 141,937 | 300,802 | 367,392 | 409,259 | 440,979 | 467,165 | 558,007 | 659,803 | 694,983 | 724,830 | 769,074 | 797,040 |
2005 | 931,693 | 27,171 | 75,151 | 176,152 | 361,264 | 437,452 | 485,042 | 520,483 | 549,068 | 647,115 | 755,252 | 792,545 | 823,488 | 869,272 | 898,262 |
2006 | 1,020,438 | 30,860 | 83,499 | 196,358 | 401,610 | 485,109 | 536,823 | 575,603 | 607,088 | 715,108 | 832,153 | 872,385 | 905,569 | 954,823 | 985,657 |
2007 | 1,111,872 | 38,587 | 97,979 | 220,636 | 442,633 | 534,150 | 590,292 | 631,830 | 666,021 | 782,903 | 909,392 | 952,964 | 988,633 | 1,041,166 | 1,074,502 |
2008 | 1,028,669 | 33,136 | 83,085 | 187,200 | 385,857 | 470,285 | 523,500 | 563,684 | 597,246 | 711,873 | 837,561 | 880,244 | 915,035 | 965,691 | 996,815 |
2009 | 863,486 | 26,328 | 64,253 | 146,030 | 313,826 | 387,828 | 435,662 | 472,299 | 502,274 | 603,504 | 712,700 | 749,022 | 777,801 | 818,789 | 842,286 |
2010 | 949,144 | 31,453 | 76,390 | 169,734 | 354,810 | 436,043 | 488,303 | 528,045 | 560,649 | 670,319 | 787,407 | 826,796 | 858,000 | 901,560 | 926,782 |
2011 | 1,042,571 | 26,488 | 70,545 | 168,222 | 365,518 | 453,679 | 510,000 | 553,220 | 588,967 | 711,663 | 846,579 | 892,616 | 929,529 | 981,800 | 1,012,460 |
2012 | 1,184,978 | 38,563 | 97,902 | 220,414 | 451,328 | 550,934 | 613,192 | 660,121 | 698,543 | 831,445 | 975,377 | 1,024,046 | 1,063,388 | 1,119,368 | 1,152,063 |
2013 | 1,231,911 | 40,764 | 100,868 | 227,623 | 465,705 | 567,786 | 631,900 | 680,817 | 721,242 | 859,863 | 1,011,220 | 1,062,798 | 1,104,510 | 1,163,238 | 1,197,603 |
2014 | 1,374,379 | 49,740 | 123,288 | 272,826 | 542,640 | 656,229 | 727,556 | 780,687 | 824,153 | 974,124 | 1,137,716 | 1,192,679 | 1,236,678 | 1,299,383 | 1,336,637 |
2015 | 1,454,325 | 51,375 | 127,236 | 283,577 | 567,697 | 688,137 | 763,764 | 820,335 | 866,447 | 1,026,601 | 1,201,501 | 1,259,698 | 1,306,271 | 1,373,073 | 1,413,200 |
2016 | 1,442,385 | 46,845 | 115,384 | 261,423 | 538,257 | 658,950 | 735,763 | 793,331 | 839,898 | 1,002,072 | 1,180,713 | 1,240,010 | 1,288,231 | 1,356,952 | 1,398,523 |
2017 | 1,601,309 | 61,750 | 143,024 | 309,765 | 615,979 | 748,944 | 833,142 | 895,962 | 946,954 | 1,122,158 | 1,314,957 | 1,378,757 | 1,430,369 | 1,505,513 | 1,551,537 |
2018 | 1,536,178 | 55,455 | 139,455 | 310,631 | 615,716 | 737,900 | 815,821 | 876,470 | 926,367 | 1,096,343 | 1,279,036 | 1,336,041 | 1,382,868 | 1,450,202 | 1,491,041 |
2019 | 1,578,661 | 49,185 | 128,817 | 297,920 | 612,027 | 739,896 | 822,470 | 886,070 | 938,429 | 1,117,856 | 1,308,416 | 1,367,843 | 1,416,809 | 1,487,163 | 1,530,288 |
Average tax rate (percentage): [3] | |||||||||||||||
2001 | 14.47 | 24.04 | 26.46 | 28.17 | 27.60 | 26.36 | 25.35 | 24.57 | 23.91 | 21.68 | 19.17 | 18.35 | 17.72 | 16.78 | 16.08 |
2002 | 13.28 | 24.40 | 26.97 | 28.48 | 27.37 | 25.90 | 24.76 | 23.87 | 23.17 | 20.76 | 18.09 | 17.23 | 16.58 | 15.61 | 14.87 |
2003 | 12.11 | 20.63 | 22.91 | 24.60 | 24.38 | 23.28 | 22.32 | 21.55 | 20.92 | 18.70 | 16.29 | 15.57 | 15.02 | 14.17 | 13.53 |
2004 | 12.31 | 19.15 | 21.30 | 23.06 | 23.52 | 22.81 | 22.05 | 21.39 | 20.83 | 18.80 | 16.45 | 15.71 | 15.16 | 14.32 | 13.68 |
2005 | 12.65 | 18.95 | 20.73 | 22.48 | 23.15 | 22.64 | 22.02 | 21.45 | 20.93 | 19.03 | 16.76 | 16.04 | 15.49 | 14.64 | 14.01 |
2006 | 12.80 | 18.09 | 19.95 | 21.94 | 22.80 | 22.39 | 21.82 | 21.28 | 20.80 | 19.02 | 16.82 | 16.12 | 15.57 | 14.75 | 14.12 |
2007 | 12.90 | 17.58 | 19.45 | 21.42 | 22.46 | 22.15 | 21.63 | 21.11 | 20.66 | 18.96 | 16.83 | 16.16 | 15.62 | 14.81 | 14.19 |
2008 | 12.54 | 19.13 | 20.88 | 22.67 | 23.29 | 22.70 | 21.99 | 21.36 | 20.83 | 18.87 | 16.57 | 15.85 | 15.28 | 14.43 | 13.79 |
2009 | 11.39 | 20.86 | 22.81 | 24.28 | 24.05 | 23.03 | 22.07 | 21.28 | 20.59 | 18.19 | 15.59 | 14.81 | 14.20 | 13.29 | 12.61 |
2010 | 11.81 | 18.87 | 20.84 | 22.84 | 23.39 | 22.69 | 21.91 | 21.23 | 20.64 | 18.46 | 15.98 | 15.22 | 14.63 | 13.73 | 13.06 |
2011 | 12.54 | 18.27 | 20.61 | 22.82 | 23.50 | 22.86 | 22.11 | 21.46 | 20.89 | 18.85 | 16.53 | 15.82 | 15.27 | 14.42 | 13.76 |
2012 | 13.11 | 17.60 | 19.53 | 21.67 | 22.83 | 22.52 | 21.97 | 21.44 | 20.97 | 19.21 | 17.04 | 16.35 | 15.81 | 14.98 | 14.33 |
2013 | 13.64 | 24.12 | 26.21 | 27.91 | 27.08 | 25.86 | 24.78 | 23.91 | 23.20 | 20.75 | 18.08 | 17.28 | 16.65 | 15.70 | 14.98 |
2014 | 14.16 | 24.01 | 25.92 | 27.67 | 27.16 | 26.09 | 25.13 | 24.30 | 23.61 | 21.25 | 18.64 | 17.83 | 17.19 | 16.24 | 15.52 |
2015 | 14.34 | 23.93 | 25.69 | 27.44 | 27.10 | 26.10 | 25.17 | 24.36 | 23.68 | 21.37 | 18.81 | 18.00 | 17.37 | 16.42 | 15.71 |
2016 | 14.20 | 22.86 | 25.03 | 27.05 | 26.87 | 25.89 | 24.97 | 24.18 | 23.49 | 21.19 | 18.64 | 17.84 | 17.22 | 16.29 | 15.57 |
2017 | 14.64 | 24.10 | 25.29 | 26.93 | 26.76 | 25.92 | 25.09 | 24.34 | 23.70 | 21.49 | 19.02 | 18.23 | 17.62 | 16.69 | 15.99 |
2018 | 13.28 | 22.92 | 24.46 | 25.96 | 25.44 | 24.24 | 23.28 | 22.56 | 21.96 | 19.89 | 17.55 | 16.77 | 16.17 | 15.27 | 14.59 |
2019 | 13.29 | 22.93 | 24.66 | 26.12 | 25.57 | 24.32 | 23.34 | 22.59 | 21.98 | 19.89 | 17.51 | 16.73 | 16.13 | 15.23 | 14.55 |
Adjusted gross income share (percentage): | |||||||||||||||
2001 | 100.00 | 1.38 | 3.54 | 8.05 | 17.41 | 22.25 | 25.87 | 28.91 | 31.61 | 42.50 | 58.13 | 64.31 | 69.71 | 78.64 | 85.60 |
2002 | 100.00 | 1.15 | 3.00 | 7.04 | 16.05 | 20.85 | 24.47 | 27.55 | 30.29 | 41.33 | 57.36 | 63.71 | 69.26 | 78.39 | 85.50 |
2003 | 100.00 | 1.35 | 3.35 | 7.56 | 16.73 | 21.55 | 25.17 | 28.24 | 30.99 | 42.01 | 58.03 | 64.34 | 69.84 | 78.87 | 85.87 |
2004 | 100.00 | 1.66 | 4.16 | 9.14 | 18.99 | 23.92 | 27.56 | 30.61 | 33.31 | 44.07 | 59.56 | 65.68 | 71.01 | 79.76 | 86.51 |
2005 | 100.00 | 1.95 | 4.92 | 10.64 | 21.19 | 26.23 | 29.90 | 32.94 | 35.61 | 46.17 | 61.18 | 67.07 | 72.20 | 80.60 | 87.06 |
2006 | 100.00 | 2.14 | 5.25 | 11.23 | 22.10 | 27.18 | 30.87 | 33.93 | 36.62 | 47.17 | 62.07 | 67.91 | 72.97 | 81.24 | 87.58 |
2007 | 100.00 | 2.55 | 5.84 | 11.95 | 22.86 | 27.97 | 31.66 | 34.71 | 37.39 | 47.88 | 62.65 | 68.41 | 73.41 | 81.57 | 87.81 |
2008 | 100.00 | 2.11 | 4.85 | 10.06 | 20.19 | 25.25 | 29.01 | 32.16 | 34.95 | 45.98 | 61.60 | 67.69 | 72.96 | 81.53 | 88.08 |
2009 | 100.00 | 1.67 | 3.72 | 7.94 | 17.21 | 22.22 | 26.04 | 29.29 | 32.18 | 43.77 | 60.30 | 66.74 | 72.28 | 81.28 | 88.12 |
2010 | 100.00 | 2.07 | 4.56 | 9.24 | 18.87 | 23.91 | 27.72 | 30.93 | 33.78 | 45.17 | 61.29 | 67.55 | 72.94 | 81.65 | 88.26 |
2011 | 100.00 | 1.74 | 4.12 | 8.86 | 18.70 | 23.87 | 27.73 | 31.00 | 33.89 | 45.39 | 61.56 | 67.82 | 73.20 | 81.88 | 88.45 |
2012 | 100.00 | 2.42 | 5.55 | 11.25 | 21.86 | 27.06 | 30.87 | 34.05 | 36.84 | 47.87 | 63.30 | 69.25 | 74.38 | 82.66 | 88.90 |
2013 | 100.00 | 1.87 | 4.26 | 9.03 | 19.04 | 24.31 | 28.23 | 31.52 | 34.42 | 45.87 | 61.90 | 68.10 | 73.43 | 82.02 | 88.51 |
2014 | 100.00 | 2.13 | 4.90 | 10.16 | 20.58 | 25.90 | 29.83 | 33.09 | 35.96 | 47.21 | 62.87 | 68.91 | 74.10 | 82.43 | 88.73 |
2015 | 100.00 | 2.12 | 4.88 | 10.19 | 20.65 | 26.00 | 29.92 | 33.20 | 36.07 | 47.36 | 62.99 | 68.99 | 74.14 | 82.43 | 88.72 |
2016 | 100.00 | 2.02 | 4.54 | 9.52 | 19.72 | 25.06 | 29.01 | 32.30 | 35.20 | 46.56 | 62.36 | 68.43 | 73.64 | 82.03 | 88.41 |
2017 | 100.00 | 2.34 | 5.17 | 10.52 | 21.04 | 26.42 | 30.37 | 33.65 | 36.53 | 47.74 | 63.21 | 69.14 | 74.23 | 82.47 | 88.75 |
2018 | 100.00 | 2.09 | 4.93 | 10.35 | 20.93 | 26.33 | 30.30 | 33.59 | 36.48 | 47.66 | 63.04 | 68.91 | 73.96 | 82.15 | 88.39 |
2019 | 100.00 | 1.81 | 4.40 | 9.60 | 20.14 | 25.61 | 29.65 | 33.00 | 35.93 | 47.30 | 62.88 | 68.82 | 73.92 | 82.19 | 88.51 |
Total income tax share (percentage): | |||||||||||||||
2001 | 100.00 | 2.30 | 6.48 | 15.68 | 33.22 | 40.54 | 45.34 | 49.09 | 52.24 | 63.68 | 77.04 | 81.56 | 85.35 | 91.20 | 95.10 |
2002 | 100.00 | 2.11 | 6.09 | 15.09 | 33.09 | 40.67 | 45.62 | 49.53 | 52.86 | 64.63 | 78.15 | 82.67 | 86.51 | 92.14 | 95.79 |
2003 | 100.00 | 2.30 | 6.33 | 15.37 | 33.69 | 41.43 | 46.40 | 50.27 | 53.54 | 64.89 | 78.08 | 82.76 | 86.64 | 92.30 | 95.93 |
2004 | 100.00 | 2.59 | 7.21 | 17.12 | 36.28 | 44.31 | 49.36 | 53.19 | 56.35 | 67.30 | 79.58 | 83.82 | 87.42 | 92.76 | 96.13 |
2005 | 100.00 | 2.92 | 8.07 | 18.91 | 38.78 | 46.95 | 52.06 | 55.86 | 58.93 | 69.46 | 81.06 | 85.07 | 88.39 | 93.30 | 96.41 |
2006 | 100.00 | 3.02 | 8.18 | 19.24 | 39.36 | 47.54 | 52.61 | 56.41 | 59.49 | 70.08 | 81.55 | 85.49 | 88.74 | 93.57 | 96.59 |
2007 | 100.00 | 3.47 | 8.81 | 19.84 | 39.81 | 48.04 | 53.09 | 56.83 | 59.90 | 70.41 | 81.79 | 85.71 | 88.92 | 93.64 | 96.64 |
2008 | 100.00 | 3.22 | 8.08 | 18.20 | 37.51 | 45.72 | 50.89 | 54.80 | 58.06 | 69.20 | 81.42 | 85.57 | 88.95 | 93.88 | 96.90 |
2009 | 100.00 | 3.05 | 7.44 | 16.91 | 36.34 | 44.91 | 50.45 | 54.70 | 58.17 | 69.89 | 82.54 | 86.74 | 90.08 | 94.82 | 97.54 |
2010 | 100.00 | 3.31 | 8.05 | 17.88 | 37.38 | 45.94 | 51.45 | 55.63 | 59.07 | 70.62 | 82.96 | 87.11 | 90.40 | 94.99 | 97.64 |
2011 | 100.00 | 2.54 | 6.77 | 16.14 | 35.06 | 43.52 | 48.92 | 53.06 | 56.49 | 68.26 | 81.20 | 85.62 | 89.16 | 94.17 | 97.11 |
2012 | 100.00 | 3.25 | 8.26 | 18.60 | 38.09 | 46.49 | 51.75 | 55.71 | 58.95 | 70.17 | 82.31 | 86.42 | 89.74 | 94.46 | 97.22 |
2013 | 100.00 | 3.31 | 8.19 | 18.48 | 37.80 | 46.09 | 51.29 | 55.27 | 58.55 | 69.80 | 82.09 | 86.27 | 89.66 | 94.43 | 97.22 |
2014 | 100.00 | 3.62 | 8.97 | 19.85 | 39.48 | 47.75 | 52.94 | 56.80 | 59.97 | 70.88 | 82.78 | 86.78 | 89.98 | 94.54 | 97.25 |
2015 | 100.00 | 3.53 | 8.75 | 19.50 | 39.04 | 47.32 | 52.52 | 56.41 | 59.58 | 70.59 | 82.62 | 86.62 | 89.82 | 94.41 | 97.17 |
2016 | 100.00 | 3.25 | 8.00 | 18.12 | 37.32 | 45.68 | 51.01 | 55.00 | 58.23 | 69.47 | 81.86 | 85.97 | 89.31 | 94.08 | 96.96 |
2017 | 100.00 | 3.86 | 8.93 | 19.34 | 38.47 | 46.77 | 52.03 | 55.95 | 59.14 | 70.08 | 82.12 | 86.10 | 89.33 | 94.02 | 96.89 |
2018 | 100.00 | 3.61 | 9.08 | 20.22 | 40.08 | 48.03 | 53.11 | 57.06 | 60.30 | 71.37 | 83.26 | 86.97 | 90.02 | 94.40 | 97.06 |
2019 | 100.00 | 3.12 | 8.16 | 18.87 | 38.77 | 46.87 | 52.10 | 56.13 | 59.44 | 70.81 | 82.88 | 86.65 | 89.75 | 94.20 | 96.94 |
Notes: N/A– Not applicable. [1] For Table 4.1, constant dollars were calculated using the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ consumer price index for urban consumers (CPI-U, 1990=100). For 2019 the CPI-U = 255.657. [2] Total income tax was the sum of income tax after credits (including the subtraction of excess advance premium tax credit repayment, the earned income credit, American opportunity credit, health coverage tax credit, and the regulated investment credit credit) limited to zero plus net investment income tax from Form 8960 and the tax fromForm 4970, Tax on Accumulation Distribution of Trusts. It does not include any refundable portions of these credits. [3] The average tax rate was computed by dividing total income tax (see footnote 2) by adjusted gross income. [4] The total number of returns does not include the returns filed by individuals to only receive the economic stimulus payment and who had no other reason to file. Source: IRS, Statistics of Income Division, Publication 1304, November 2021 |
[All figures are estimates based on samples] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Item, tax year | Total | Ascending cumulative percentiles | ||||
Bottom 50 percent | Bottom 75 percent | Bottom 90 percent | Bottom 95 percent | Bottom 99 Percent | ||
Number of returns: | ||||||
2001 | 119,370,886 | 59,685,443 | 89,528,165 | 107,433,797 | 113,402,342 | 118,177,177 |
2002 | 119,850,561 | 59,925,281 | 89,887,921 | 107,865,505 | 113,858,033 | 118,652,055 |
2003 | 120,758,947 | 60,379,474 | 90,569,210 | 108,683,052 | 114,721,000 | 119,551,358 |
2004 | 122,509,974 | 61,254,987 | 91,882,481 | 110,258,977 | 116,384,475 | 121,284,874 |
2005 | 124,673,055 | 62,336,528 | 93,504,791 | 112,205,750 | 118,439,402 | 123,426,324 |
2006 | 128,441,165 | 64,220,583 | 96,330,874 | 115,597,049 | 122,019,107 | 127,156,753 |
2007 | [3] 132,654,911 | 66,327,456 | 99,491,183 | 119,389,420 | 126,022,165 | 131,328,362 |
2008 | 132,891,770 | 66,445,885 | 99,668,828 | 119,602,593 | 126,247,182 | 131,562,852 |
2009 | 132,619,936 | 66,309,968 | 99,464,952 | 119,357,942 | 125,988,939 | 131,293,737 |
2010 | 135,033,492 | 67,516,746 | 101,275,119 | 121,530,143 | 128,281,817 | 133,683,157 |
2011 | 136,585,712 | 68,292,856 | 102,439,284 | 122,927,141 | 129,756,426 | 135,219,855 |
2012 | 136,080,353 | 68,040,177 | 102,060,265 | 122,472,318 | 129,276,335 | 134,719,549 |
2013 | 138,313,155 | 69,156,578 | 103,734,866 | 124,481,840 | 131,397,497 | 136,930,023 |
2014 | 139,562,034 | 69,781,017 | 104,671,526 | 125,605,831 | 132,583,932 | 138,166,414 |
2015 | 141,204,625 | 70,602,313 | 105,903,469 | 127,084,163 | 134,144,394 | 139,792,579 |
2016 | 140,888,785 | 70,444,393 | 105,666,589 | 126,799,907 | 133,844,346 | 139,479,897 |
2017 | 143,295,160 | 71,647,580 | 107,471,370 | 128,965,644 | 136,130,402 | 141,862,208 |
2018 | 144,317,866 | 72,158,933 | 108,238,400 | 129,886,079 | 137,101,973 | 142,874,687 |
2019 | 148,245,929 | 74,122,965 | 111,184,447 | 133,421,336 | 140,833,633 | 146,763,470 |
Adjusted gross income (millions of dollars): | 3,928,063 | 2.7% | ||||
2001 | 6,116,274 | 881,001 | 2,183,088 | 3,516,624 | 4,182,711 | 5,051,346 |
2002 | 5,982,260 | 867,431 | 2,170,726 | 3,509,933 | 4,170,166 | 5,021,907 |
2003 | 6,156,994 | 870,045 | 2,195,336 | 3,570,217 | 4,249,157 | 5,126,816 |
2004 | 6,734,554 | 908,348 | 2,311,404 | 3,766,385 | 4,491,456 | 5,455,674 |
2005 | 7,365,689 | 952,792 | 2,425,440 | 3,965,094 | 4,742,612 | 5,805,030 |
2006 | 7,969,813 | 989,682 | 2,557,775 | 4,210,079 | 5,051,390 | 6,208,693 |
2007 | 8,621,963 | 1,050,879 | 2,723,525 | 4,493,722 | 5,398,566 | 6,650,942 |
2008 | 8,206,158 | 978,122 | 2,651,575 | 4,433,269 | 5,338,428 | 6,549,387 |
2009 | 7,578,641 | 900,447 | 2,520,880 | 4,261,239 | 5,139,495 | 6,274,014 |
2010 | 8,039,779 | 944,099 | 2,608,826 | 4,408,415 | 5,323,580 | 6,522,633 |
2011 | 8,317,188 | 960,561 | 2,676,602 | 4,542,210 | 5,498,309 | 6,761,487 |
2012 | 9,041,744 | 1,003,944 | 2,780,067 | 4,713,845 | 5,710,800 | 7,065,006 |
2013 | 9,033,840 | 1,038,237 | 2,882,162 | 4,890,343 | 5,924,452 | 7,314,046 |
2014 | 9,708,663 | 1,094,119 | 3,018,376 | 5,125,247 | 6,217,796 | 7,710,844 |
2015 | 10,142,620 | 1,144,545 | 3,144,883 | 5,339,293 | 6,484,064 | 8,047,714 |
2016 | 10,156,612 | 1,176,907 | 3,206,562 | 5,427,208 | 6,581,784 | 8,153,546 |
2017 | 10,936,500 | 1,230,446 | 3,375,132 | 5,715,551 | 6,941,463 | 8,635,051 |
2018 | 11,563,883 | 1,342,069 | 3,594,762 | 6,052,766 | 7,345,887 | 9,143,858 |
2019 | 11,882,850 | 1,365,719 | 3,705,584 | 6,261,823 | 7,613,122 | 9,489,467 |
Total income tax (millions of dollars): [1] | 318,967 | 2.8% | ||||
2001 | 884,931 | 43,344 | 163,175 | 321,406 | 422,643 | 590,963 |
2002 | 794,282 | 33,474 | 137,679 | 280,962 | 374,411 | 531,462 |
2003 | 745,514 | 30,351 | 128,499 | 261,722 | 346,338 | 494,368 |
2004 | 829,096 | 32,054 | 134,114 | 271,089 | 361,932 | 528,294 |
2005 | 931,693 | 33,431 | 139,143 | 284,578 | 382,625 | 570,430 |
2006 | 1,020,438 | 34,781 | 148,053 | 305,330 | 413,350 | 618,828 |
2007 | 1,111,872 | 37,371 | 158,909 | 328,969 | 445,851 | 669,239 |
2008 | 1,028,669 | 31,857 | 148,425 | 316,797 | 431,423 | 642,812 |
2009 | 863,486 | 21,200 | 114,465 | 259,982 | 361,213 | 549,660 |
2010 | 949,144 | 22,363 | 122,347 | 278,824 | 388,495 | 594,333 |
2011 | 1,042,571 | 30,109 | 149,953 | 330,907 | 453,605 | 677,052 |
2012 | 1,184,978 | 32,915 | 160,934 | 353,533 | 486,435 | 733,650 |
2013 | 1,231,911 | 34,307 | 169,113 | 372,048 | 510,669 | 766,206 |
2014 | 1,374,379 | 37,740 | 181,700 | 400,255 | 550,226 | 831,738 |
2015 | 1,454,325 | 41,125 | 194,628 | 427,723 | 587,879 | 886,628 |
2016 | 1,442,385 | 43,863 | 202,378 | 440,313 | 602,487 | 904,128 |
2017 | 1,601,309 | 49,772 | 222,552 | 479,151 | 654,355 | 985,330 |
2018 | 1,536,178 | 45,137 | 200,137 | 439,835 | 609,811 | 920,462 |
2019 | 1,578,661 | 48,373 | 210,818 | 460,789 | 640,232 | 966,634 |
Average tax rate (percentage): [2] | ||||||
2001 | 14.47 | 4.92 | 7.47 | 9.14 | 10.10 | 11.70 |
2002 | 13.28 | 3.86 | 6.34 | 8.00 | 8.98 | 10.58 |
2003 | 12.11 | 3.49 | 5.85 | 7.33 | 8.15 | 9.64 |
2004 | 12.31 | 3.53 | 5.80 | 7.20 | 8.06 | 9.68 |
2005 | 12.65 | 3.51 | 5.74 | 7.18 | 8.07 | 9.83 |
2006 | 12.80 | 3.51 | 5.79 | 7.25 | 8.18 | 9.97 |
2007 | 12.90 | 3.56 | 5.83 | 7.32 | 8.26 | 10.06 |
2008 | 12.54 | 3.26 | 5.60 | 7.15 | 8.08 | 9.81 |
2009 | 11.39 | 2.35 | 4.54 | 6.10 | 7.03 | 8.76 |
2010 | 11.81 | 2.37 | 4.69 | 6.32 | 7.30 | 9.11 |
2011 | 12.54 | 3.13 | 5.60 | 7.29 | 8.25 | 10.01 |
2012 | 13.11 | 3.28 | 5.79 | 7.50 | 8.52 | 10.38 |
2013 | 13.64 | 3.30 | 5.87 | 7.61 | 8.62 | 10.48 |
2014 | 14.16 | 3.45 | 6.02 | 7.81 | 8.85 | 10.79 |
2015 | 14.34 | 3.59 | 6.19 | 8.01 | 9.07 | 11.02 |
2016 | 14.20 | 3.73 | 6.31 | 8.11 | 9.15 | 11.09 |
2017 | 14.64 | 4.05 | 6.59 | 8.38 | 9.43 | 11.41 |
2018 | 13.28 | 3.36 | 5.57 | 7.27 | 8.30 | 10.07 |
2019 | 13.29 | 3.54 | 5.69 | 7.36 | 8.41 | 10.19 |
Adjusted gross income share (percentage): | ||||||
2001 | 100.00 | 14.40 | 35.69 | 57.50 | 68.39 | 82.59 |
2002 | 100.00 | 14.50 | 36.29 | 58.67 | 69.71 | 83.95 |
2003 | 100.00 | 14.13 | 35.66 | 57.99 | 69.01 | 83.27 |
2004 | 100.00 | 13.49 | 34.32 | 55.93 | 66.69 | 81.01 |
2005 | 100.00 | 12.94 | 32.93 | 53.83 | 64.39 | 78.81 |
2006 | 100.00 | 12.42 | 32.09 | 52.83 | 63.38 | 77.90 |
2007 | 100.00 | 12.19 | 31.59 | 52.12 | 62.61 | 77.14 |
2008 | 100.00 | 11.92 | 32.31 | 54.02 | 65.05 | 79.81 |
2009 | 100.00 | 11.88 | 33.26 | 56.23 | 67.82 | 82.79 |
2010 | 100.00 | 11.74 | 32.45 | 54.83 | 66.22 | 81.13 |
2011 | 100.00 | 11.55 | 32.18 | 54.61 | 66.11 | 81.30 |
2012 | 100.00 | 11.10 | 30.75 | 52.13 | 63.16 | 78.14 |
2013 | 100.00 | 11.49 | 31.90 | 54.13 | 65.58 | 80.96 |
2014 | 100.00 | 11.27 | 31.09 | 52.79 | 64.04 | 79.42 |
2015 | 100.00 | 11.28 | 31.01 | 52.64 | 63.93 | 79.35 |
2016 | 100.00 | 11.59 | 31.57 | 53.44 | 64.80 | 80.28 |
2017 | 100.00 | 11.25 | 30.86 | 52.26 | 63.47 | 78.96 |
2018 | 100.00 | 11.61 | 31.09 | 52.34 | 63.52 | 79.07 |
2019 | 100.00 | 11.49 | 31.18 | 52.70 | 64.07 | 79.86 |
Total income tax share (percentage): | ||||||
2001 | 100.00 | 4.90 | 18.44 | 36.32 | 47.76 | 66.78 |
2002 | 100.00 | 4.21 | 17.33 | 35.37 | 47.14 | 66.91 |
2003 | 100.00 | 4.07 | 17.24 | 35.11 | 46.46 | 66.31 |
2004 | 100.00 | 3.87 | 16.18 | 32.70 | 43.65 | 63.72 |
2005 | 100.00 | 3.59 | 14.93 | 30.54 | 41.07 | 61.23 |
2006 | 100.00 | 3.41 | 14.51 | 29.92 | 40.51 | 60.64 |
2007 | 100.00 | 3.36 | 14.29 | 29.59 | 40.10 | 60.19 |
2008 | 100.00 | 3.10 | 14.43 | 30.80 | 41.94 | 62.49 |
2009 | 100.00 | 2.46 | 13.26 | 30.11 | 41.83 | 63.66 |
2010 | 100.00 | 2.36 | 12.89 | 29.38 | 40.93 | 62.62 |
2011 | 100.00 | 2.89 | 14.38 | 31.74 | 43.51 | 64.94 |
2012 | 100.00 | 2.78 | 13.58 | 29.83 | 41.05 | 61.91 |
2013 | 100.00 | 2.78 | 13.73 | 30.20 | 41.45 | 62.20 |
2014 | 100.00 | 2.75 | 13.22 | 29.12 | 40.03 | 60.52 |
2015 | 100.00 | 2.83 | 13.38 | 29.41 | 40.42 | 60.96 |
2016 | 100.00 | 3.04 | 14.03 | 30.53 | 41.77 | 62.68 |
2017 | 100.00 | 3.11 | 13.90 | 29.92 | 40.86 | 61.53 |
2018 | 100.00 | 2.94 | 13.03 | 28.63 | 39.70 | 59.92 |
2019 | 100.00 | 3.06 | 13.35 | 29.19 | 40.56 | 61.23 |
N/A– Not applicable. [1] Total income tax was the sum of income tax after credits (including the subtraction of excess advance premium tax credit repayment, the earned income credit, American opportunity credit, health coverage tax credit and the regulated investment credit credit) limited to zero plus net investment income tax from Form 8960 and the tax from Form 4970, Tax on Accumulation Distribution of Trusts. [2] The average tax rate was computed by dividing total income tax (see footnote 1) by adjusted gross income. [3] The total number of returns does not include the returns filed by individuals to only receive the economic stimulus payment and who had no other reason to file. Source: IRS, Statistics of Income Division, Publication 1304, November 2021 |
Video
The U.S. Tax Wedge
The OECD reported that the U.S. tax wedge for the average single worker decreased by 1.4 percentage points from 29.7% in 2019 to 28.3% in 2020, which is still less than the OECD average for all countries—34.6% in the same year. Meanwhile, the take-home pay of an average single U.S. worker, after tax and benefits, was 77.6% of their gross wage, compared with the OECD average of 75.2%.
However, while pandemic-based legislation is thought to have contributed to the decrease, according to The Tax Foundation, these measures were primarily designed to reduce the tax burden for families with children rather than that of a single taxpayer with no children.
So what does this mean in dollars? A tax wedge of 28.3% works out to about $18,368 of an “average wage earner’s” salary, meaning the average worker contributed that much to the federal government, according to OECD calculations.
The OECD tax wedge only includes these three taxes: income, Social Security, and Medicare. It doesn’t include the sales taxes that individuals regularly pay, nor property or vehicle taxes, nor even state income taxes.
Don’t let taxes get you down
You can’t escape taxes, so the best thing you can do is learn how to better manage your taxes and understand how the tax code can work in your favor. Fortunately, the IRS has increased income limits for all tax brackets, giving you an opportunity to earn more income without the fear of stepping into another tax bracket.
Since income plays a large role in your taxes, create a strategy that allows you to diversify your income. You can never go wrong when you earn an extra stream of income in the stock market, allowing you to take advantage of favorable capital gains rates if you hold your investments over a year. There’s even a chance you’ll pay no taxes on your gains if your income is under certain limits.
Calculating Taxable Income Using Exemptions and Deductions
Of course, calculating how much you owe in taxes is not quite that simple. For starters, federal tax rates apply only to taxable income. This is different than your total income, otherwise known as gross income. Taxable income is always lower than gross income since the U.S. allows taxpayers to deduct certain income from their gross income to determine taxable income.
To calculate taxable income, you begin by making certain adjustments from gross income to arrive at adjusted gross income (AGI). Once you have calculated adjusted gross income, you can subtract any deductions for which you qualify (either itemized or standard) to arrive at taxable income.
Note that there are no longer personal exemptions at the federal level. Prior to 2018, taxpayers could claim a personal exemption, which lowered taxable income. The tax plan signed in late 2017 eliminated the personal exemption, though.
Deductions are somewhat more complicated. Many taxpayers claim the standard deduction, which varies depending on filing status, as shown in the table below.
2021 – 2022 Federal Standard Deductions
Filing StatusStandard Deduction AmountSingle$12,550Married, Filing Jointly$25,100Married, Filing Separately$12,550Head of Household$18,800
Some taxpayers, however, may choose to itemize their deductions. This means subtracting certain eligible expenses and expenditures. Possible deductions include those for student loan interest payments, contributions to an IRA, moving expenses and health-insurance contributions for self-employed persons. The most common itemized deductions also include:
- Deduction for state and local taxes paid: Also known as the SALT deduction, it allows taxpayers to deduct up to $10,000 of any state and local property taxes plus either their state and local income taxes or sales taxes.
- Deduction for mortgage interest paid: Interest paid on the mortgages of up to two homes, with it being limited to your first $1 million of debt. Homes purchased after Dec. 15, 2017 have this lowered to the first $750,000 of the mortgage.
- Deduction for charitable contributions
- Deduction for medical expenses that exceed 7.5% of AGI
Keep in mind that most taxpayers don’t itemize their deductions. If the standard deduction is larger than the sum of your itemized deductions (as it is for many taxpayers), you’ll receive the standard deduction.
Once you have subtracted deductions from your adjusted gross income, you have your taxable income. If your taxable income is zero, that means you do not owe any income tax.
Paying Your Taxes
If you aren’t getting a tax refund and instead owe money come tax day, there may be a way to lessen the sting. For starters, you should still file your taxes on time. Otherwise, you will also have to pay a fee for filing late.
If you don’t think you can afford your full tax bill, then you should pay as much as you can and contact the IRS. The agency may be able to offer you a few payment options to help you pay off your bill. For example, the IRS may offer a short-term extension or temporarily delay collection. You may also have the option to pay your remaining bill over multiple installments. You will likely still pay any interest charges on overdue balances, but in some cases, the IRS may even waive penalties or fees. Again, you should call the agency at the number above to discuss your options.
As you pay your tax bill, another thing to consider is using a tax-filing service that lets you pay your taxes by credit card. That way you can at least get valuable credit card rewards and points when you pay your bill. The IRS has authorized three payment processors to collect tax payments by credit card: PayUSAtax, Pay1040 and ACI Payments, Inc. However, it’s important to keep in mind that all three processors charge fees of nearly 2% of your payment for credit card transactions. Double check that any rewards you earn are worth that extra cost, though.
The cheapest way to pay a tax bill is still via a check or via IRS Direct Pay, which allows you to pay your bill directly from a savings or checking account. All major tax filing services will provide you with instructions for both of these payment options.
What is the average tax rate paid by the 1%?
According to the Congressional Budget Office, the average federal tax rate among households in the top 1% of the income distribution is about 32%. The Tax Policy Center's numbers, meanwhile, are somewhat similar, with its finding that tax rate among the 1% is 29.4%.